九年级英语下册：Unit 4 Great people语法详解（译林牛津版）.doc

Unit4Greatpeople
一.【语法详解】定语从句
㈠定语从句的定义
在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句通常紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词叫做先行词，即“先行词＋定语从句”。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词或关系副词。关系代词有who,whom,which,that,whose，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或定语(whose)；关系副词有when,where,why，在定语从句中只用作状语。
先行词关系代词关系词在定语从句中的成份先行词关系副词关系词在定语从句中的成份人who主语、宾语时间when状语人whom宾语时间which/that宾语物which主语、宾语地点where状语人、物that主语、宾语地点which/that宾语人、物whose定语，表示所属关系原因why状语(thereasonwhy)注意：⒈①whose＝ofwhich,ofwhom②when＝介词＋which③where＝介词＋which④why＝forwhich
⒉如果关系代词前有介词，只能用which或whom且不能省略。
㈡关系代词引导的定语从句
⒈关系代词who,whom的用法
当定语从句所修饰的先行词是人的时候用关系代词who/whom/that。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时用who/that；关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时用who/whom/that，并且可以省略；通常用who代替whom，但whom不能代替who。关系代词作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词的数取决于先行词的数，即定语从句的动词形式与先行词保持一致。注意：先行词为one,ones,anyone或those时，关系代词只能用who。
①Let’scountthepeoplewho/thatarepresent.(注意定语从句中动词的形式)
②Ishethemanwho/thathassavedthreechildrenduringthesnowstorm?(注意定语从句中动词的形式)
③Theperson(who/that/whom)youwishtoseehascome.
⒉关系代词which,that的用法
当定语从句所修饰的先行词是物时，用关系代词which/that。关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，需注意以下两种情况：当定语从句中动词短语含有介词时，若介词后置，可使用关系代词which/that，并且可以省略；若介词置于关系代词之前，只能用which，并且不能省略。
①Thebookwhich/thattellsusatruestoryiswellworthreading.
②Hereisthecar(which/that)Iboughtlastmonth.
③TheparadeinwhichhetookpartiscalledDisneyparade.
＝Theparade(which/that)hetookpartiniscalledDisneyparade.
⒊关系代词whose的用法
关系代词whose可用于指人或物的先行词，whose在定语从句中作定语，先行词与whose之后的词是所属关系，当先行词是人时whose＝ofwhom，当先行词是物时whose＝ofwhich。
①I’dlikeahousewhosedoorsfacesouth.＝I’dlikeahousethedoorsofwhichfacesouth.
②Heistheboywhosefatherisafamouswriter.＝Heistheboythefatherofwhomisafamouswriter.
⒋下列情况下只用关系代词that
⑴当先行词是以下指物的不定代词时：all,none,much,any,little,few,anything,nothing,everything…。
①Ibelieveallthatyoutoldme.②Telluseverythingthatyouknow.
⑵当先行词被以下词修饰，并且指物时：all,any,every,each,few,little,much,no,some,thevery,thesame,oneof,theonly。注意：①oneof＋人＋关系代词who/that②oneof＋物＋关系代词that。
①Youshouldputawayallthepresentsthatyourfriendsgaveyouonyourbirthday.
②IhavesomethingsthatIhavetodotoday.
③They’veofferedarewardof￥5,000foranyinformationthatleadstothearrest