人口老龄化对企业创新的影响——基于人口普查数据与微观工业企业数据的实证分析.docx

人口老龄化对企业创新的影响——基于人口普查数据与微观工业企业数据的实证分析
摘要
随着人口依赖比例的不断提高，全球范围内人口老龄化已成为一种趋势。人口老龄化对企业的创新能力有很大的影响，因为年龄较大的人在认知、技术储备和工作体验方面与年轻人存在差异。本文使用中国人口普查数据和微观工业企业数据，通过实证分析发现，随着人口老龄化水平的提高，企业的创新水平会下降。此外，高教育程度的劳动力可以提高企业的创新能力，而地方保护主义则会降低企业的创新能力。因此，政府应该采取措施，在老龄化社会中加强教育和打破地方保护主义的限制，并通过引进年轻的劳动力来保持创新能力。
关键词：人口老龄化；企业创新；人口普查数据；微观工业企业数据；教育程度；地方保护主义
Introduction
Aspopulationsage,thepercentageofdependentsgrowsandtheburdenofcareforelderlypeopleshiftsfromfamiliestosocietyasawhole.Populationagingistakingplaceworldwideandisoneofthemostsignificanttrendsaffectingglobaleconomies.Inanagingsociety,thereisadeclineinthenumberofpotentialworkers,andtherearesignificantchangesindemographics,whichhaveanimpactontheentireeconomy.
Asaconsequenceofthistrend,manyresearchershavefocusedontheimpactofpopulationagingoneconomicgrowth,consumption,andlaborsupply.However,theimpactofpopulationagingonbusinessinnovationhasnotbeenexploredcomprehensively.ThispaperaimstoexploretherelationshipbetweenpopulationagingandinnovationinfirmswithempiricalevidencetakenfromChina.
LiteratureReview
PopulationAging
Populationagingdescribesthephenomenonofanincreaseintheproportionofelderlypeople(thoseaged65andabove)inthetotalpopulation.Theagingofthepopulationisanaturalresultofacombinationofdecreasedbirthratesandimprovementsinhealthcare,whichhaveresultedinincreasedlifeexpectancies.
Populationagingleadstodecreasedfertilityrates,shrinkinglaborforces,andanincreaseddependencyratio.Therefore,theagingphenomenonisanimportantissueforacademicsandpolicymakerstostudy.
InnovationinFirms
Innovationinfirmsisessentialintoday'srapidlychangingeconomy.Innovationdrivescompetitivenessandgrowthintoday'smarket.Firmsthatareinnovativearebetterabletomaintainacompetitiveadvantage,developnewmarketopportunities,andreacttochangingmarketconditions.
Therearetwotypesofinnovations-productandprocessinnovation.Thesetwoformsofinnovationareequallyimportantforcompaniestoincreasetheircompetitivenessandmarketshare.
Hypothesis
Theresearchhypothesisinthispaperisthatpopulationagingislikelyt