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美洲鲥早期发育的形态学及组织学观察.docx

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美洲鲥早期发育的形态学及组织学观察 Title:MorphologicalandHistologicalObservationsontheEarlyDevelopmentofAmericanShad Abstract: TheAmericanshad(Alosasapidissima)isaspeciesofherringthatholdsasignificantecologicalandeconomicvalue.Despiteitsimportance,limitedresearchhasbeenconductedontheearlydevelopmentalstagesofAmericanshad.ThisstudyaimedtoinvestigatethemorphologicalandhistologicalcharacteristicsofAmericanshadduringitsearlydevelopment. Keywords:Americanshad,earlydevelopment,morphology,histology Introduction: TheAmericanshadisamigratoryspeciesfoundalongtheAtlanticcoastofNorthAmerica.Itplaysavitalroleinthemarinefoodchainasplanktonfeeders,supportingvariouspredatorpopulations.Additionally,Americanshadhasconsiderableeconomicimportanceasitisapopulargameandcommercialfish.Understandingitsearlydevelopmentiscrucialforconservationandfisheriesmanagementefforts.ThisstudyfocusedonexaminingthemorphologicalandhistologicalchangesthatoccurduringearlydevelopmentstagesoftheAmericanshad. Methods: EmbryosandlarvaeofAmericanshadwerecollectedfromaspawninggroundintheDelawareRiverduringthespawningseason.Specimenswerefixedin4%paraformaldehydeandthenprocessedforhistologicalanalysis.Serialsectionswereobtainedandstainedwithhematoxylinandeosinformorphologicalandtissueanalyses.Lightmicroscopywasusedforobservationanddocumentationofmorphologicalandhistologicalfeatures. Results: TheearlydevelopmentofAmericanshadcanbedividedintoseveraldistinctstagesbasedonmorphologicalandhistologicalcharacteristics.Duringtheearlycleavagestage,thefertilizedeggsundergorapidcelldivision,resultingintheformationofblastomeres.Fromtheblastulastage,theembryosdevelopaprimitivestreakrepresentingthebeginningofgastrulation.Duringgastrulation,significanteventssuchastheformationofectoderm,mesoderm,andendodermoccur.Theprimitiveguttubeforms,andsomitesbegintodevelop. Throughoutthedevelopmentstages,themorphologicalchangesofAmericanshadarenotable.Initially,theembryospossessasphericalshape,andasdevelopmentprogresses,theyelongateandformafish-likebody.Pigment