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淋巴器官中的树突状细胞在神经--免疫通路中的作用.docx

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淋巴器官中的树突状细胞在神经--免疫通路中的作用 Abstract Dendriticcells(DCs)arecriticalantigen-presentingcellsintheimmunesystem,andhavebeenrecentlyshowntoplayakeyroleintheinteractionbetweenthenervousandimmunesystems.Inthisreview,wediscusstheroleofDCsintheneural-immunepathway,includingtheirfunctionsinthecentralnervoussystemandperipheralnervoussystem.WealsoexaminethemechanismsthatregulatetheactivationandmigrationofDCsinresponsetonervoussystemsignals,andtheconsequencesofDCdysfunctioninneural-immuneinteractions.Ultimately,adeeperunderstandingoftheroleofDCsintheneural-immunepathwaymayhaveimportantimplicationsforthedevelopmentofnewtherapiesforneuroinflammatorydiseases. Introduction Theimmuneandnervoussystemsaretraditionallythoughtofasdistinctentitiesinthebody.However,recentresearchhasincreasinglyrevealedthecomplexinterplaybetweenthesetwosystems,withevidencesuggestingthatimmunecells,inparticulardendriticcells(DCs),canbeinfluencedbynervoussystemsignalingandcaninturnmodulateneuralactivity(1,2).Thisemergingfieldofresearch,referredtoastheneural-immunepathway,hasimportantimplicationsforunderstandingthepathogenesisofneuroinflammatorydiseasesandfordevelopingnewtherapiesthattargetimmunecellsinthenervoussystem. DCsarekeyplayersintheimmunesystemandareresponsibleforcapturingandpresentingantigenstoTcells,initiatinganadaptiveimmuneresponse.Inrecentyears,ithasbecomeclearthatDCsarenotonlyfoundinlymphoidorgans,butalsoinnon-lymphoidtissuesincludingtheskin,gut,andlungs(3).Inaddition,DCscanbefoundinthebrain,wheretheyplayacriticalroleinregulatingimmuneresponsestopathogensandinmaintainingimmunehomeostasis(4).DCsarealsokeyregulatorsofinflammationinneuroinflammatorydiseasessuchasmultiplesclerosis(MS),Alzheimer'sdisease(AD),andParkinson'sdisease(PD)(5). TheinteractionbetweenDCsandthenervoussystemisatwo-wayprocess.Ontheonehand,nervoussystemsignalscanmodulatetheactivationandtraffickingofDCsinperipheraltissues,allowingthemtorespondappropriatelytolocalimmunechallenges.Ontheotherhand,DCsinturncanalsoinfluenceneuralactivityt