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基于氧化石墨烯纳米探针和功能化DNA分子机器的生物传感器.docx

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基于氧化石墨烯纳米探针和功能化DNA分子机器的生物传感器 Abstract Bio-sensorshaverevolutionizedthefieldofdiagnosticsandhavepavedthewayforearlydetectionofdiseases.GrapheneoxidenanoprobesandfunctionalizedDNAmolecularmachineshavebroadenedthehorizonsforthedevelopmentofnovelbiologicallysensitivetechnologies.Inthisreview,wediscussthedevelopmentofabiosensorbasedongrapheneoxidenanoprobesandfunctionalizedDNAmolecularmachinesthathaveimmensepotentialfordiseasedetection. Introduction Withtheincreasingincidenceofdiseases,earlydetectionhasbecomeacrucialfactorinensuringpropertreatment.Bio-sensorshaveemergedaspromisingtoolsforearlydiagnosisofdiseasesbydetectingvariousbiomarkersinbiologicalfluids.Amongthevariousmaterialsusedinbio-sensing,grapheneoxideandDNAmolecularmachineshaveshowngreatpromise. Grapheneoxide(GO)isanidealmaterialforbiosensingapplicationsduetoitshighsurface-to-volumeratioanduniqueelectronicproperties.GOoffershighsensitivity,selectivity,andstabilityinthepresenceofbiologicalmatrices.DNAmolecularmachinesaresyntheticmolecularsystemsthatarebasedonDNAsequencesandaredesignedtoperformspecific,programmabletasks.FunctionalizedDNAmolecularmachinesofferanexcellentplatformforsensitivedetectionofbiomolecules. Thus,thecombinationofGOandfunctionalizedDNAmolecularmachinesoffersanovelapproachfordiseasedetectionviabiosensors. GrapheneOxideNanoprobes GOnanoprobesarewidelyusedindiseasedetectionduetotheirexcellentsurface-to-volumeratioandeasyfunctionalization.ThesurfaceofGOcanbemodifiedwithvariousbiomoleculeslikepeptides,proteins,andnucleicacids,providingaplatformforbiomoleculeimmobilization.Theimmobilizedbiomoleculestheninteractwithtargetbiomoleculesinbiologicalfluidslikeserumorurine,andtheinteractioncanbedetectedelectrochemically,throughfluorescenceorRamanspectroscopy. GOnanoprobeshavebeeneffectivelyusedforthedetectionofbiomoleculeslikeglucose,nucleicacids,andproteins.Inonestudy,GOnanoprobeswereusedtodetectglucoseusingfluorescence.TheGOnanoprobeswerefunctionalizedwithglucoseoxidase,andtheglucoseoxidasecatalyzedthe