材料成形原理焊接原理概述学习教案.pptx

会计学第一章序论(xùlùn)在通常意义上，连接是指将零、部件组合成一个（连续）整体的工艺过程，其所获得的整体具备各被连接零、部件没有的功能或复合功能。
连接所关心的核心问题是那些具备固有微观结构与宏观性能的被连接材料在连接过程中的演变，以及所构建连接结构的组织与力学(lìxué)特征。Figure1.1Welding,usingavarietyoffusionwelding,predominantlyconsumableelectrodeprocesses,isusedalmostexclusivelyinshipconstruction.Rollproduct(e.g.,plateandbeams),forgings,andcastingsareallweldedtoprovidestructuralintegrity,structuralefficiency,andleaktightness.Inmostshipyardspartsarejoinedtocreatelargepre-fabricatedmodules,whicharethenjoinedtoproducetheship,heretheaircraftcarrierReagan.Figure1.2Modernmanufacturingoftenbenefitswhenlabor-intensive,quality-criticalassemblyisautomated,asexemplifiedintheautomobileindustrybyroboticwelding.(CourtesyofDaimlerChryslerAG,Stuttgart,Germany,withpermission.)Figure1.3Weldingisalsousedformicrojoiningforavarietyofapplicationsandindustries.Here,verythinkovarsheetsarespot-filletweldedbylaser-beamweldingtoproducetheminutelapjointsshown.(CourtesyofSandiaNationalLaboratories,Albuquerque,NM,withpermission.)Figure1.4Typicallargeweldedstructuresatapetrochemicalplant.Notetheboltedthick-sectionpipes,valves,andfittingsattheleftandrightoftheweldedtowers,asshowninaclose-upinFigure2.3.(CourtesyofMarathonAshlandPetroleumLLC,Findlay,OH,withpermission.)
Figure1.5Typicaluseofmanualironsolderinginindustry.(CourtesyoftheIBMCorporation,Poughkeepsie,NY,withpermission.)
Figure1.7Theuseofthermalbonding,aswellasadhesivebonding,iscommonplaceintheassemblyofthermoplasticmonolithicandreinforcedcompositesusedinmilitaryaircraft.(CourtesyofNorthropGrummanCorporation,withpermission.)Figure1.8Inananalogtowelding,alaserbeamcanbeusedtoreattachadetachedretina,withtheheatofthelasercausingjoiningbycoagulatingprotein.(CourtesyofJuliaA.Haller,M.D.,TheJohnsHopkinsHospital,Baltimore,MD,withpermission.)Figure1.9Hugeoffshoredrillingplatforms,servingasself-sufficient‘‘citiesatsea,’’useweldingextensivelyintheirland-basedconstruction,on-siteerection,andaboveandbelowwaterrepair.(CourtesyofMaterials&WeldingTechnology,Houston,TX,withpermiss