新托福阅读真题详解.docx

新托福阅读真题详解

新托福阅读真题详解2017 敢于向黑暗宣战的人，心里必须充满光明。以下是小编为大家搜索整理的新托福阅读真题详解2017，希望对大家有所帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业生考试网! ThedevelopmentofthemodernpresidencyintheUnitedStatesbeganwithAndrewJacksonwhoswepttopowerin1829attheheadoftheDemocraticPartyandserveduntil1837.Duringhisadministration,heimmeasurablyenlargedthepowerofthepresidency."ThePresidentisthedirectrepresentativeoftheAmericanpeople,"helecturedtheSenatewhenitopposedhim."Hewaselectedbythepeople,andisresponsibletothem."Withthisdeclaration,Jacksonredefinedthecharacterofthepresidentialofficeanditsrelationshiptothepeople. DuringJackson'ssecondterm,hisopponentshadgraduallycometogethertoformtheWhigparty.WhigsandDemocratshelddifferentattitudestowardthechangesbroughtaboutbythemarket,banks,andcommerce.TheDemocratstendedtoviewsocietyasacontinuingconflictbetween"thepeople”-farmers,planters,andworkers-andasetofgreedyaristocrats.This"papermoneyaristocracy"ofbankersandinvestorsmanipulatedthebankingsystemfortheirownprofit,Democratsclaimed,andsappedthenation'svirtuebyencouragingspeculationandthedesireforsudden,unearnedwealth.TheDemocratswantedtherewardsofthemarketwithoutsacrificingthefeaturesofasimpleagrarianrepublic.Theywantedthewealththatthemarketofferedwithoutthecompetitive,changingsociety;thecomplexdealing;thedominanceofurbancenters;andthelossofindependencethatcamewithit. Whigs,ontheotherhand,weremorecomfortablewiththemarket.Forthem,commerceandeconomicdevelopmentwereagentsofcivilization.NordidtheWhigsenvisionanyconflictinsocietybetweenfarmersandworkersontheonehandandbusinesspeopleandbankersontheother.Economicgrowthwouldbenefiteveryonebyraisingnationalincomeandexpandingopportunity.Thegovernment'sresponsibilitywastoprovideawell-regulatedeconomythatguaranteedopportunityforcitizensofability. WhigsandDemocratsdifferednotonlyintheirattitudestowardthemarketbutalsoabouthowactivethecentralgovernmentshouldbeinpeople'slives.DespiteAndrewJackson'sinclinationtobeastrongPresident,Democratsasar