北京交通大学考博英语真题摘录.pdf

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北京交通大学考博英语真题摘录
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweach
textbychoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWER
SHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Inspiteof“endlesstalkofdifference,”Americansocietyis
anamazingmachineforhomogenizingpeople.Thereis“the
democratizinguniformityofdressanddiscourse,andthecasualness
andabsenceofdeference”characteristicofpopularculture.People
areabsorbedinto“acultureofconsumption”launchedbythe
19th-centurydepartmentstoresthatoffered“vastarraysofgoods
inanelegantatmosphere.Insteadofintimateshopscateringtoa
knowledgeableelite,”thesewerestores“anyonecouldenter,
regardlessofclassorbackground.Thisturnedshoppingintoapublic
anddemocraticact.”Themassmedia,advertisingandsportsareother
forcesforhomogenization.

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Immigrantsarequicklyfittingintothiscommonculture,which
maynotbealtogetherelevatingbutishardlypoisonous.Writingfor
theNationalImmigrationForum,GregoryRodriguezreportsthat
today’simmigrationisneitheratunprecedentedlevelsnorresistant
toassimilation.In1998immigrantswere9.8percentofpopulation;
in1900,13.6percent.Inthe10yearspriorto1990,3.1immigrants
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arrivedforevery1,000residents;inthe10yearspriorto1890,9.2
forevery1,000.Now,considerthreeindicesofassimilation--
language,homeownershipandintermarriage.
The1990Censusrevealedthat“amajorityofimmigrantsfromeach
ofthefifteenmostcommoncountriesoforiginspokeEnglish‘well’
or‘verywell’aftertenyearsofresidence.”Thechildrenof
immigrantstendtobebilingualandproficientinEnglish.“Bythe
thirdgeneration,theoriginallanguageislostinthemajorityof
immigrantfamilies.”HencethedescriptionofAmericaasa
“graveyard”forlanguages.By1996foreign-bornimmigrantswhohad
arrivedbefore1970hadahomeownershiprateof75.6percent,higher
thanthe69.8percentrateamongnative-bornAmericans.
Foreign-bornAsiansandHispanics“havehigherratesof
intermarriagethandoU.S.-bornwhitesandblacks.”Bythethird
generati