微生物的新陈代谢.pptx

会计学Microbescanbedividedintometabolicclasseswhichrelatetothesourcesofenergytheyuse.Thethreegroupsare:
1.heterotrophswhichutilizeorganicmoleculesasasourceofenergy(thesearealsocalledchemo-organotrophs化能有机营养型);
2.phototrophswhichobtainenergyfromlight
3.lithotrophswhichobtainenergyfrominorganiccompounds.
Carbon(碳素)forcellsynthesisisobtainedfromorganicmolecules;however,somemicrobes,includingthephototrophs,fixCO2.Catabolism
Metabolism
anabolism

①
complexmoleculesimplemolecules+ATP+[H]*
（Organicmaterial）②

*[H]standsforreducingpower(还原力)
①catabolismenzymecomplex（分解代谢酶系）②anabolismenzymecomplex（合成代谢酶系）organicmaterial
Primaryenergysources(最初能源)rayirradiation(light)
Chemoheterotrophsreducedinorganicmaterial
Phototrophs
chemoautotrophs
universalenergysource(通用能源)——ATPSectionA
Heterotrophicpathways

Biologicaloxidationisreferredtoasalltheenergy-producingoxidativereactionsinthelivingorganism.Definition:Aseriesofenergy-producingoxidativereactionsoccursinthelivingcellsarecalledbiologicaloxidation.Functionofbiologicaloxidation(生物氧化的功能)
Produceenergy(产能)
Producereducingpower[H](产还原力)
Smallintermediatemetabolites(产小分子中间代谢物)Pathwaysofremovingofhydrogen:(inthecaseofGlucose)
EMP(glycosis)
HMP(pentosephosphatepathwayorWD)
ED(KDPG)
TCAcycle(citricacidcycle)removeMostmicrobesutilizetheglycolytic（糖酵解）pathwayforthecatabolismofcarbohydratessuchasglucoseandfructose.Theproductsofthispathwayarepyruvate,whichcanbefurthermetabolizedviathecitricacidcycle,formingadenosine5’-triphosphate(ATP)andthereducedformofnicotinamideadeninedinucleotide(烟酰胺腺嘌呤核苷酸NADH+H+.）Thispathwayislocatedinthecytoplasmofmicrobesandcanfunctioninthepresenceorabsenceofoxygen.ThebacterialgeneraPseudomonas,Rhizobium（根瘤菌）andAgrobacter（农杆菌）substitutetheEntner-Doudoroffpathwayfortheglycolyticpathway.Thispathwayisnotasefficientinproducingenergy,with1moleofATPbeingformedforeachmoleofglucosemetabolized.ThepentosephosphatepathwayorhexosemonophosphatepathwaymayoperateatthesametimeasglycolysisortheEntner-Doudoroffpathway.Thispathwaycanalsoo