分析化学各章练习题与答案.pdf

章节试题及答案（仅供练习参考）

1、误差是衡量·················································································（）

A.精密度B.置信度C.准确度D.精确度

2、偏差是衡量·················································································（）

A.精密度B.置信度C.准确度D.精确度

3、下列论述中错误的是····································································（）

A.单次测量结果的偏差之和等于零

B.标准偏差是用于衡量测定结果的分散程度

C.系统误差呈正态分布

D.偶然误差呈正态分布

4、下列论述中正确的是·····································································（）

A.总体平均值通常用表示B.正态分布中正误差和负误差出现的概率相等

C.标准偏差通常用μ表示D.分析结果落在μ±围的概率为68.3%

5、下列论述中正确的是····································································（）

A.系统误差加减法的传递是分析结果的绝对偏差为各测量步骤绝对偏差的代数和

B.偶然误差乘除法的传递是分析结果的相对偏差为各测量步骤相对偏差的代数和

C.置信度是以自由度来表示的

D.少量实验数据是按t分布进行统计处理

6、下列论述中错误的是····································································（）

A.平均值的置信区间是μ=x±
n

t
B.少量实验数据的平均值的置信区间是μ=x±fS
n

C.平均值与标准值的比较要用F检验

D.t实验法是比较两组数据的方差S2
7、根据分析天平的称量误差（±0.0002g）和对测量的相对误差（0.1%），下列论述中正

确的是······················································································（）

A.试样重量应≥0.02gB.试样重量应≥0.2g

C.试样重量应＜0.2gD.试样重量就≥2.0g

8、下列论述中，有效数字位数错误的是···············································（）

A.[H+]=3.24×10－2（3位）B.pH=3.24（3位）

C.0.42(2位)D.Ka=1.8×10－5（2位）

9、下列表达中最能说明偶然误差小的是················································（）

A.高精密度B.标准偏差大

C.仔细较正过所有法码和容量仪器

D.与已知含量的试样多次分析结果的平均值一致

10、下列论述中最能说明系统误差小的是··············································（）

A.高精密度B.标准偏差大

C.仔细校正过所有砝码和容量仪器

D.与已知含量的试样多次分析结果的平均值一致

11、定量分析中精密度和准确度的关系是··············································（）

A.准确度是保证精密度的前提B.精密度是保证准确度的前提

C.分析中，首先要求准确度，其次才是精密度

D.分析中，首先要求精密度，其次才是准确度

12、若试样的分析结果精密度很好，但准确度不好，可能原因是···············（）

A.试样不均匀B.使用试剂含有影响测定的杂质

C.使用未校正的容量仪器D.有过失操作

13、分析测定中论述偶然误差正确的是················································（）

A.大小误差出现的几率相等B.正误差出现几率大于负误差

C.负误差出现几率大于正误差D.正负误差出现的几率相等

14、下列论述中错误的是··································································（）

A.方法误差属于系统误差B.系统误差包括操作误差

C.系统误差又称可测误差D.系统误差呈正态分布