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Malaria.doc

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Malaria Malariaisaninfectiousdiseasethatkillsanaverageoftwomillionpeopleeveryyear,mostlyinthetropicsandsub-SaharanAfrica. TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaysmalariaisconstantlyoccurring–endemic–inover100countries,includingmostofsub-SaharanAfricaandNewGuinea;largeareasofSouthAsia,SoutheastAsia,Oceania,Haiti,CentralandSouthAmerica;andpartsofMexico,theDominicanRepublic,NorthAfricaandtheMiddleEast. Cause: Thediseaseiscausedbyseveralspeciesofsingle-celledparasiteofthegenusPlasmodium,anditistransmittedmostlycommonlybymosquitoes.(Malariaisrarelytransmittedthroughinfectedblood,bysharingneedlesandinchildbirth.) Infectedfemalemosquitoescarrythesporesoftheparasite.Whenamosquitobites,itcantransferthesporestoapersonthroughitssaliva.Thesporescollectintheperson'sliverandmultiplythere.Somespeciesoftheparasitecanremaindormantintheliverforseveralmonths. Fromthere,thesporesdivideandenterredbloodcells,wheretheymultiplyevenmore,sometimesburstingoutofthebloodcells.Thewavesoffevereveryfewdaysthatarecharacteristicofthediseasearecausedbytheparasitesburstingoutofbloodcellssimultaneously. Symptoms: Symptomsofmalariainclude: Headacheandfever. Chills. Muscleandjointpain. Nauseaandvomiting. Convulsions. Becausethesymptomsofmalariacanbemistakenforthoseofotherdiseases,adiagnosisrequiresabloodtest. Somespeciesoftheparasite,especiallyP.falciparum,canresultinmoreserioussymptoms,includingseizures,kidneyandlungfailure,andcoma,whichcanleadtodeath. Treatment: Thetreatmentofmalariadependsonseveralthings:thespeciesofparasite,theseverityoftheinfectionandtheageofthepersoninfected.Insomepartsoftheworld,parasiteshavebecomeresistanttosomeofthedrugsusedintreatment. Almostallmalariacanbecompletelycuredifidentifiedandtreatedearly. Prevention: Themosteffectivestrategyforpreventingmalariainfectionistoavoidbeingbittenbyinfectedmosquitoes: Stayindoorsfromdusktodawn,whenmosquitoesarebitingmost. Wearlong-sleevedshirtsandlongpants. Sleepunderamosquitonetimpregnatedwithaninsecticidesuchaspermethrin. UseDEET-basedinsectrepell