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BackgroundInformationoftheBritishIsles.doc

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BackgroundInformationoftheBritishIsles WhatisthedifferencebetweenBritishIsles(不列颠群岛),Britain,UnitedKingdomandEngland?Theseterms(术语)arefamiliar(熟悉),butpuzzlingtousChinese. TheBritishIslesaremadeupoftwolargeislands:OneisBritainandtheotherIreland.Britain,orGreatBritain,isthelargerofthetwoislands,andisdividedintothreeparts:England,ScotlandandWales. TheUnitedKingdom(UK)istheshortfortheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.UKconsistsofScotland,WalesandEngland(i.e.thewholeofBritain),andalsoaboutone-sixthofIreland,i.e.,thenorthernpart.TherestofIrelandwhichiscalledtherepublicofIrelandisanothercountry. Englandisthelargest,andgenerallyspeaking,therichestsection.ItscapitalisLondon,whichisalsothecapitaloftheUK.LondonliesontheRiverThames.MuchofEnglandisratherflat,althoughtherearehillsinthenortheastandinthecenterofthecountry.Englishpeopletendtousethewords“England”and“English”whentheymean“Britain”and“British”.Thissometimesannoys(惹恼)theScotsandtheWelsh. ScotlandliesinthenorthoftheUK,withitscapitalEdinburgh.Scotlandhasmanylakesandmountains,andisfamousforitsbeautifulcountryside.TheScotsinparticular(尤其)areveryproudoftheirnationality;theyhavetheirownlegalsystem(法律制度),andsomeoftheirinternal(内部的)affairsaremanagedbyspecialScottishdepartments,thoughtheyhavenoseparateparliament(议会). WalesliestotheeastofEngland.ItscapitalisCardiff.EveryonetherecanspeakEnglish,butthefirstlanguageinnorthWalesisWelsh.TheWelsh,too,donotregardthemselvesasEnglish,andhaveacultureandevenalanguageoftheirown. IrelandbecamepartoftheUKin1801,butitsoongrewdiscontented,andforfortyyearsthe“Irishquestion”becamethegreatestheadacheoftheBritishParliament.Atlast,aftermuchbloodshed(流血),Irelanddivideditselfintotwo:NorthernIrelandandtherepublicofIreland.NorthernIreland,withitscapitalBelfast,ispartoftheUK.TheRepublicofIrelandisaseparatecountry,withDublinasitscapital.TheRepublicofIrelanddoesnotregarditselfasBritish.Itisstilldiscontented,asitresents（怨恨）theexistenceofNorthernIreland,andwantsthewholeofIrelandtobearepublic. TheUK