高考英语 定语从句语法讲座（I） 新人教版.doc

定语从句语法讲座（I）
一概念
在复合句中，用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句。其作用相当于形容词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
二引导词
引导定语从句的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose
三关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose引导定语从句的用法。
1.Aplaneisamachinethat/whichcanfly.
2.Thefishthat/whichweboughtwasnotfresh.
3.ZhangHengwasamanthat/whomadetheearliestseismographin132.
4.Theprofessorthat/who/whomyouwanttoseehascome.
5.Thisisthegirlwhosefatherisateacher.
6.Thedeskwhoselegisbrokenisveryold.
7.Thegentlemanaboutwhomyoutoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.
8.Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.
四关系代词that与which的专用场合；
（一）指物时，关系代词that和which一般情况下可换用，但以下几种情况下一般用that，不用which：
1）先行词是all,everything,something,anything,nothing,none,few,little,much等不定代词；或是先行词被all,every,some,any,no,few,little，much,both等修饰时：
Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyouintown?
Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.
2)当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词thefirst,thesecond,thelast修饰时：
Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.
Thefirstplace(that)we’llvisitistheGreatWall.
3)当先行词被theonly，thevery等表示唯一概念的词修饰修饰时：
Theonlythingthatmattersistofindourwayhome.
Thisistheverybook(that)I’vebeenlookingfor.
4)先行词既有人又有物时：
Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthings(that)theyrememberedintheschool.
5)当主句是由who或which引导的特殊问句时，为避免重复，定语从句中常用that：
Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythedoor?
Whichisthedictionary(that)youboughtyesterday?
6）当先行词为数词时，关系代词用that。
（二）有下列情形之一时，只能用which：
当引导非限制性定语从句时，关系代词用which
当关系代词作介词的宾语并与介词一起置于定语从句前面
在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that，另一个宜用which
当先行词为指物的代词that和those时，用which
当关系代词后面有插入语时，用which
Hereisthebookwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.
五that与who的一些特殊用法：
1）当先行词是anyone,those,he,she等代词表“人”时，一般用who而不用that：
Anyonewhowantsaticketpleasesignyournamehere.
ThosewhowanttogototheEnglishpartymustbeattheschoolgateby7:30p.m.
Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.
2)当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，通常用that而不用who：
Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.
六巩固练习
（一）用关系代词填空
1．Thankyouforthegoodadvice___you'vegivenus.
2．Theoldgentleman_______youmetattheschoolgateisanengineer.
3．Weshouldlearnfromthose_____thinklittleforthemselvesbutmuchforothers.
4．Xiaowangis