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英语被动语态的原型范畴研究的综述报告.docx

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英语被动语态的原型范畴研究的综述报告 Introduction ThepassivevoiceisagrammaticalstructureusedinEnglishthatchangesthefocusofasentencefromthesubjecttotheobject.Inpassivesentences,thesubjectisnottheagentoftheactionbuttherecipientoftheaction,whichisperformedbytheobjectoranexternalagent.Passiveconstructionsareoftenusedtoavoidmentioningthedoerofanactionortoemphasizetheobjectorresultoftheaction.ThestudyofthepassivevoiceinEnglishhasbeenatopicofinterestforscholarsinlinguistics,psychology,andeducationfordecades.Inthispaper,wewillprovideanoverviewoftheliteratureontheprototypecategoryofpassivevoiceinEnglish. PrototypeTheory Prototypetheoryisacognitiveapproachtocategorizationthatarguesthatcategoriesarenotdefinedbyasetofnecessaryandsufficientfeaturesbutbyatypicalorcentralexemplarthatrepresentsthecategory.Accordingtoprototypetheory,categorymembershipisbasedonfamilyresemblance,whichmeansthatmembersofacategorysharesomebutnotallfeatureswiththeprototype.Prototypesarethemosttypicalorrepresentativeexamplesthatbestcapturetheessenceofacategory,andtheyserveasacognitivereferencepointforjudgingthesimilarityordissimilarityofothermembers. ThePrototypeCategoryofPassiveVoice TheprototypecategoryofpassivevoiceinEnglishhasbeenstudiedfromvariousperspectives,includinggrammatical,semantic,syntactic,andcognitive.Researchershaveattemptedtodefinetheprototypeofpassivevoicebyidentifyingthemosttypicalorrepresentativeexamplesthatconveythecoremeaningofthepassiveconstruction. OneoftheearlieststudiesoftheprototypecategoryofpassivevoicewasconductedbyGivón(1979),whoproposedasemantic-structuralanalysisofthepassiveconstruction.AccordingtoGivón,theprototypeofthepassivevoiceisasentenceinwhichtheobjectispromotedtothesubjectposition,andthesubjectisdemotedtotheobliqueoradjunctposition.Givónarguedthatthepassiveconstructionservesaparticularcommunicativefunction,whichistoforegroundtheobjectorresultoftheactionwhiledownplayingtheagentordoeroftheaction.Givón'sanalysisfocusedonthestructuralandsemanticaspectsofthepassivevoiceanddidnotconsiderthe