Linguistics 1.ppt

新编语言学教程Linguistics:ANewCoursebookAStoryaboutMarkTwainStory
在繁华的巴黎大街的街头，有一位盲老人在乞讨，他的身边立着一块牌子，上面写道“我什么也看不见！”但是没有人帮助他。
法国著名诗人让·比浩勒在牌子上添加了“春天到了，可是”几个字，组成了“春天到了，可是我什么也看不见！”这打动人心、富有诗意的语句。结果，巴黎街头的行人变了，他们从开始对盲老人冷漠无情，到后来热情相助.CommentsonthefollowingideasBriefAccountsLearningSchedule&Goals课程实践环节及基本要求
学生需完成一定量的课后练习和补充阅读，并要求完成一篇课程论文。
考核方式及其要求
该课程的测试形式为闭卷笔试。试题结构为客观题占60%左右，主观试题占40%左右。其中概念部分占40%左右，语言分析占30左右，问题回答和论述占30%左右。
期末成绩计算方法
attendanceandperformance:10%
mid-termexam/coursepaper:20%
finalExam:70%
Howtolearnthecourse?1.1Linguistics1.1LinguisticsThesubjectmatteroflinguisticsPurposes1.1.2linguisticsversustraditionalgrammar1.1.2linguisticsversustraditionalgrammar1.1.3Useofstudyinglinguistics1.1.3Useofstudyinglinguistics1.1.4ScopeofLinguisticsPhonetics(语音学)Phonology(音系学)Morphology(形态学)Syntax(句法学)Semantics(语义学)Pragmatics(语用学)1.1.4.2Macrolinguistics(宏观语言学)Sociolinguistics(社会语言学)Psycholinguistics(心理语言学)Stylistics(文体学)Discourseanalysis(textlinguistics)(话语分析)
Computationallinguistics(计算语言学):itisanapproachtolinguistics,whichemploysmathematicaltechniques,oftenwiththehelpofacomputer.
Cognitivelinguistics(认知语言学)
Itisanapproachtotheanalysisofnaturallanguagethatfocusesonlanguageasaninstrumentfororganizing,processing,andconveyinginformation.Itprimarilyconsiderslanguageasasystemofcategories.Appliedlinguistics(应用语言学)
Itisprimarilyconcernedwiththeapplicationoflinguistictheories,methodsandfindingstotheelucidationoflanguageproblemsinlearningandteaching.
1.2Language②languageisarbitraryandsymbolic.Thereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenthewordandthething.Itissymbolicinthatlinguisticelementsaresymbolsorsigns,notobjects,actionsorthings,buttheyareassociatedwithobjectsoractions.
Book
书
ほん③vocal:theprimarymediumissoundforalllanguages,nomatterhowwelldevelopedaretheirwritingsystems.Allevidenceshowsthatwritingsystemcamemuchlaterthanthespokenforms.Thefactthatchildrenacquirespokenlanguagefirstbeforetheycanreadorwritealsoindicatesthatlanguageisprimarilyvocal.④languageisusedforhumancommunication.Itishuman-specific.La