景观规划中的生态廊道宽度.doc

摘要：生态廊道具有保护生物多样性、过滤污染物、防止水土流失、防风固沙、调控洪水等多种功能。建立生态廊道是景观生态规划的重要方法，是解决当前人类剧烈活动造成的景观破碎化以及随之而来的众多环境问题的重要措施。按照生态廊道的主要结构与功能，可将其分为线状生态廊道、带状生态廊道和河流廊道三种类型。生态廊道设计包括的关键问题有廊道数目、本底、宽度、联接度、构成要素、关键点（区）等。由于生态廊道结构与功能的复杂性，使得廊道的宽度具有很大的不确定性。具体的讲，生态廊道的宽度由保护目标、植被情况、廊道功能、周围土地利用，廊道长度等多个因素决定。合适的廊道宽度应该根据对廊道主要生态过程的研究来确定。从景观的结构与功能分析出发，分别从生物保护廊道和河流廊道两方面对生态廊道的宽度及其影响因素进行分析，并对相关研究成果进行综述，总结得出两种类型生态廊道的适宜宽度值范围。最后提出确定宽度时应该注意的相关问题。关键词：景观规划；景观生态；生态廊道；宽度；河流廊道TheresearchonthewidthofecologicalcorridorinlandscapeplanningZHUQiang,YUKong-Jian,LIDi-Hua(TheGraduateSchoolofLandscapeArchitecture,PekingUniversity,Beijing100871)
Abstract:Ecologicalcorridorshavemanyfunctionssuchasbiodiversityconservation,contaminationfiltration,erosionpreventionandfloodcontrol.Asanimportantelementinlandscapeplanninganddesign,ecologicalcorridorscanbeusedtoreducethenegtativeimpactoflandscapefragmentation.Accordingtotheirdifferentstructuresandfunctions,ecologicalcorridorscanbeclassifiedintolinear,strip,andstreamcorridors.Theplanninganddesignofecologicalcorridorsaremainlycomposedofseveralkeyelementsincludingnumber,context,width,connectivity,component,keypointsandareas.Thewidthofecologicalcorridorsisusuallyanuncertainparameterdependingonthecomplexityofthestructuresandfunctionsoftheecologicalcorridorsthemselves,anditisthefunctionofanumberofparameterssuchastargetspecies,vegetation,functionsofcorridors,surroundinglandusesandlengthofcorridors.Scientificandappropriatewidthofecologicalcorridorsshouldbedeterminedbasedontheresearchofdefferentecologicalprocesseswithinthecorridor.Startingfromtheanalysisofthestructureandfunctionoflandscape,thisreviewanalyzedthewidthofecologicalcorridorsanditsdeterminantsfromtheperspectiveofbiodiversityconservation;appropriaterangesofwidthweresummarizedfromseveralcasestudies.Principlestodefinewidthwerealsoproposed.Keywords:landscapeplanning;landscapeecology;ecologicalcorridor;width;streamcorridor
景观生态学中的廊道（corridor）是指不同于周围景观基质的线状或带状景观要素[1]，而生态廊道（ecologicalcorridor）是指具有保护生物多样性、过滤污染物、防止水土流失、防风固沙、调控洪水等生态服务功能的廊道类型。生态廊道