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新自由動態帝國動態.pdf

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NEOLIBERALDYNAMICS-IMPERIALDYNAMICS G´erardDUMENIL´andDominiqueLEVY´ EconomiX-CNRSandPSE-CNRS Version:May25,2007. Addressallmailto:PSE-CNRS,48bdJourdan,75014Paris,France. Tel:33143136262,Fax:33143136259 E-mail:dominique.levy@ens.fr,gerard.dumenil@u-paris10.fr WebSite:http://www.jourdan.ens.fr/levy/ Introduction Itisalwaysdifficulttolocatewithprecisiontheoriginofacomplexphenomenonsuch asthephaseofcapitalism,knownasneoliberalism.Thedecision,in1979,bytheFederal Reservetoincreaseinterestratesatanylevelrequiredtocurbinflationcan,however,be consideredasanemblematiceventtestifyingofadeeptransformationinthedynamics ofcapitalism.Thiswasapoliticalmovethatwecallthe1979coup.Subsequently,and duringnowmorethantwentyyears,neoliberalismhasdefinedanewcourseofcapitalism, atthecenteraswellasattheperiphery.Itseemsnowclear,however,thattheyear 2000markedasignificantbreak,withthedevastatingcrisisinArgentina(itseconomical, social,andpoliticalaspects),therecessionintheUnitedStates,thedeclineofthestock market,aftersomanyyearsofcraze,andpartialrecuperation...Thesesymptomsofa significanttransformationwereconsiderablystrengthenedbytheshockofSeptember11, 2001,andthewarsinAfganistanandIraq.Newpoliticalandmilitarytrendsnowechothe changesintheeconomy,anditisdifficulttotreatseparatelythesevariouscomponentsof amultifacetedreality. Thispaperdiscussesthenatureofthisnewphase,whichcombines,ontheonehand, thesuddencontractionofgrowthratesattheendof2000andthesubsequentrecessionin theUnitedStates,andlaterinseveralofthemaincapitalistcountries,thestockmarket crisis,thecontinuingviolenceofneoliberalcrisesattheperipheryand,ontheotherhand, thenewaggressivecourseofimperialismunderU.S.hegemony.Dosuchtrendsmarkthe endofneoliberalismandinwhatsense?Onthecontrary,dotheyforeshadowastrength- eningoftheneoliberalorder?Howdotheneoliberalandimperialtraitsrelatetoone another? Thefirstsectionisdevotedtothegeneralframeworkofanalysis.Todiscussthe possibleemergenceofanewphaseofneoliberalismandimperialism,itisfirstnecessary toreturn