历年考研英语真题阅读出处.doc

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一、2013年知识运用试题来源
这次知识运用试题选材来自考研英语必考杂志《经济学人》，原文标题是：AQuestionofJudgment；原文链接：HYPERLINK"http://www.economist.com/node/21556895"http://www.economist.com/node/21556895；选项里的大多数单词都能认识，但不一定能选对，这属于考研英语出题的一大特色—熟词生义。文章难度适中，选项看似容易，但选择起来总感觉模糊不清，很难做判断。命题专家在出题的时候也进行了一定程度的改写和删除。
ANEVER-ENDINGflowofinformationisthelotofmostprofessionals.Whetheritcomesintheformoflawyers'cases,doctors'patientsorevenjournalists'stories,thisinformationnaturallygetsbrokenupintopiecesthatcanbetackledoneatatimeduringthecourseofagivenday.Intheory,adecisionmadewhenhandlingoneofthesepiecesshouldnothavemuch,ifany,impactonsimilarbutunrelatedsubsequentdecisions.YetUriSimonsohnoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniaandFrancescaGinoatHarvardreportinPsychologicalSciencethatthisisnothowthingsworkoutinpractice.
DrSimonsohnandDrGinoknewfromstudiesdoneinotherlaboratoriesthatpeopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1.grantstheabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2.externalfactors.（Butinaworldofquotasandlimits—inotherwords,theworldinwhichmostprofessionalpeopleoperate—thetworesearcherssuspectedthatitwasactuallyaweakness.在考试中命题老师删掉了）Theyspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig3.picturewasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4.Forexample,theytheorizedthatajudge5.fearfulofappearingtoosoft7.oncrimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison8.ifhehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoprobationonthatday.
To8.testthisidea,theyturnedtheirattentiontotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.(Admissionsofficersinterviewhundredsofapplicantseveryyear,atarateof4%aday,andcanofferentrytoabout40%ofthem在试卷中删掉了).Intheory,the9.successofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10.chosenrandomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDrSimonsohnandDrGinosuspectedthetruthwas11.otherwise.
Theystudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews12.conductedby31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad13.ratedapplicantsonasc