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无线传感网络MAC层协议的研究与应用的综述报告.docx

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无线传感网络MAC层协议的研究与应用的综述报告 Abstract Wirelesssensornetworkshavegainedalotofattentionduetotheircapabilitiesofsensing,computationandcommunicationofdatawithoutanyhumaninterference.Sincethesenetworkslackaphysicalconnectionbetweenthenodes,effectiveMACprotocolarerequiredforreliableandtimelydatacommunication.ThispaperprovidesanoverviewofMAClayerprotocolsforwirelesssensornetwork,reviewstheperformanceofvariousMACprotocols,andhighlightsthekeychallengesandapplicationsofMACprotocolsinwirelesssensornetwork. Introduction MAClayerprotocolsplayavitalroleinwirelesssensornetworksastheyareresponsibleforschedulingaccesstothewirelessmediumandcontrollingthechannelresources.TheMACprotocolsdesignedfortraditionalwirelessnetworksarenotsuitableforwirelesssensornetworksduetoseveralreasons.Firstly,wirelesssensornetworksaredeployedinenvironmentswithalargenumberofsensors,andhencethecollisionofdatapacketsisveryhigh.Secondly,theenergyconstraintsofsensornodesrequiretheMACprotocolstobedesignedtoconserveenergy.Thirdly,someoftheapplicationsofwirelesssensornetworksrequiretimesynchronizationofsensornodesforefficientdatacommunicationamongthenodes.Therefore,designingMACprotocolsforwirelesssensornetworksisachallengingtask. MACLayerProtocolsforWirelessSensorNetworks ThereareseveralMAClayerprotocolsdesignedforwirelesssensornetworks.SomeofthecommonlyusedMAClayerprotocolsforwirelesssensornetworksare: 1.CarrierSenseMultipleAccess(CSMA):CSMAisacontention-basedMACprotocolthatallowsanodetotransmitdataonlywhenthechannelisfree.CSMAissimpleandeasytoimplement,butitsuffersfromthehiddenterminalproblem,whichleadstoadecreaseinnetworkthroughput. 2.TimeDivisionMultipleAccess(TDMA):TDMAisaMACprotocolwherethetimeisdividedintotimeslots,andeachnodeisallocatedaspecifictimeslotfordatatransmission.TDMAisefficientinminimizingcollisionsandmaximizingtheuseofbandwidth,buttheassignmentofslotsrequiresaccuratetimesynchronizationamongthenodes. 3.RandomAccesswithCollisionAvoidance(RCA):RCAisaprotocolthataimstoimprovetheenergyefficiencyofwireles