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Hypnosis催眠术.doc

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Hypnosisisamentalstate(accordingto"statetheory")orimaginativerole-enactment(accordingto"non-statetheory").HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnotism"\l"cite_note-0"[1]HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnotism"\l"cite_note-1"[2]HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnotism"\l"cite_note-2"[3]HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnotism"\l"cite_note-3"[4]Itisusuallyinducedbyaprocedureknownasahypnoticinduction,whichiscommonlycomposedofalongseriesofpreliminaryinstructionsandsuggestions.HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnotism"\l"cite_note-4"[5]Hypnoticsuggestionsmaybedeliveredbyahypnotistinthepresenceofthesubject,ormaybeself-administered("self-suggestion"or"autosuggestion").Theuseofhypnotismfortherapeuticpurposesisreferredtoas"HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnotherapy"hypnotherapy",whileitsuseasaformofentertainmentforanaudienceisknownas"HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stage_hypnosis"stagehypnosis". Thewordshypnosisandhypnotismbothderivefromthetermneuro-hypnotism(nervoussleep)coinedbytheScottishsurgeonHYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Braid_(surgeon)"\o"JamesBraid(surgeon)"JamesBraidaround1841.BraidbasedhispracticeonthatdevelopedbyHYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Mesmer"FranzMesmerandhisfollowers("HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesmerism"\o"Mesmerism"Mesmerism"or"HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_magnetism"animalmagnetism"),butdifferedinhistheoryastohowtheprocedureworked. Contrarytoapopularmisconception–thathypnosisisaformofHYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unconsciousness"unconsciousnessresemblingsleep–contemporaryresearchsuggeststhathypnoticsubjectsarefullyawakeandarefocusingattention,withacorrespondingdecreaseintheirperipheralawareness.HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnotism"\l"cite_note-5"[6]Subjectsalsoshowanincreasedresponsetosuggestions.HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnotism"\l"cite_note-6"[7]Inthefirstbookonthesu