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基于遗传算法软件测试用例自动生成分析与研究的综述报告 Introduction Withthecontinuousdevelopmentofsoftwaretechnology,softwaretestinghasbecomeincreasinglyimportant.Inordertotestsoftwareeffectively,itisnecessarytogeneratetestcasesthatcoverallpossiblescenarios.However,manualtestcasegenerationisatime-consuminganderror-pronetask.Withthedevelopmentofautomatedtestingtechnology,softwaretestingcannowbeperformedautomatically.Oneoftheseautomatedtestingtechniquesistheuseofgeneticalgorithmsinsoftwaretesting.Inthisreport,wewillbediscussingtheprocessofgeneratingsoftwaretestcasesusinggeneticalgorithms. WhatisaGeneticAlgorithm? Ageneticalgorithmisasearchalgorithmthatisbasedonthetheoryofnaturalselection.Itisametaheuristicalgorithmthatisusedtofindthebestsolutiontoaproblembysimulatingnaturalselection.Ingeneticalgorithms,apopulationofcandidatesolutionstoaproblemisevolvedbyapplyinggeneticoperatorssuchasselection,crossover,andmutation. HowGeneticAlgorithmsareUsedinSoftwareTesting? Theuseofgeneticalgorithmsinsoftwaretestinginvolvesthegenerationoftestcasesthatcoverallpossiblescenarios.Theentireprocessofgeneratingsoftwaretestcasesusinggeneticalgorithmscanbesummarizedasfollows: •Encodingthetestcase-Inthefirststep,thetestcaseisencodedintoabinarystring.Thebinarystringrepresentsthesequenceofteststepsrequiredtoexecutethetestcase. •Creatingapopulationoftestcases-Apopulationoftestcasesiscreatedbyrandomlygeneratingasetofbinarystrings.Thesizeofthepopulationdependsonthecomplexityofthesoftwareandthenumberoftestcasesrequired. •Fitnessfunction-Anevaluationfunctionisusedtocalculatethefitnessofeachtestcaseinthepopulation.Thefitnessfunctionisdefinedastheratioofthenumberoffaultsdetectedbythetestcasetothetotalnumberoffaultsinthesoftware. •Selection-Theselectionprocessinvolvesselectingasetoftestcasesfromthepopulationthathavethehighestfitnessscore.Theselectedtestcaseswillbeusedtocreatethenextgenerationoftestcases. •Crossover-Crossoverinvolvesexchangingportionsoftwotestcasesselectedfromthepopulation.Thiscreatesanewsetoftestcasesforthenextg