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生物专业英语InsidetheLivingCellGlossaryCytoplasm细胞质 Thelivingcontentsofacellboundedexternallybytheplasmalemma,includinganaqueousgroundsubstance(hyaloplasm,透明质,cellsap,orcellmatrix)containingorganellesandvariousinclusionsbutexcludingthenucleusandvisiblevacuoles. 细胞中的亚器官Chloroplast叶绿体 Aplastidinwhichphotosynthesisiscarriedout.Chloroplastsoccurinallphotosyntheticorganismsexceptphotosyntheticbacteriaandblue-greenalgae. Stroma子座,基质 Regionwithinachloroplastthathasnochlorophyll. Plastid质体 Anorganellepresentinallplantsexceptbacteria,blue-greenalgae,andfungi;itisenclosedbytwomembranes(theenvelope)andhasvariousfunctions Endoplasmicreticulum内质网 Foldedmembranesandtubesthroughouttheeukaryoticcellthatprovidealargesurfaceuponwhichchemicalactivitiestakeplace.Golgicomplex高尔基复合体 Astackofflattened,smooth,memebranoussacs;thesiteofsynthesisandpackagingofcertainmoleculesineukaryoticcells.Mitochondrion线粒体 Amembranousorganelleresemblingasmallbagwithalargerbaginsidethatisfoldedbackonitself;serveasthesiteofaerobiccellularrespiration.Ribosome核糖体 SmallstructurescomposedoftwoproteinandribonucleicacidsubunitsinvolvedintheassemblyofproteinsfromaminoacidsPolysome多核糖体 Ofproteinsynthesis,severalribosomesalltranslatingthesamemessengerRNAmolecule,oneaftertheother. Vacuole液泡 Storagecontainerwithinthecytoplasmofacellhavingasurroundingmembrane.Lysosome溶酶体 Aspecializedorganellethatholdsamixtureofhydrolyticenzymes Centriole中心粒 Anorganellelocatedclosetothenucleusinmostanimalandlowerplantcellsbutabsentfromprokaryotesandhigherplants 细胞的遗传亚结构细胞核和染色体Chromosome染色体 ADNA-histonethreadresidinginthenucleusofacell.Eachchromosomepossessestwotelomeresandacentromere,andsomecontainanucleousorganizer.RNAproteinsareinvariablyassociatedwiththechromosome. Nuclearenvelope核膜,核被膜 Adoublemembrane(twolipidbilayersandassociatedproteins)thatistheoutermostportionofacellnucleous. Nucleoid核质体 TheDNA-containingareaofaprokaryotecell,analogoustoeukaryotenucleusbutnotmembranebounded. Nucleoli核仁 Nuclearstructurescomposedofcompletedorpartiallyc