浅析农村养老问题及对策.doc

浅析农村养老问题及对策
摘要：随着人民生活水平的逐年提升，人的平均寿命越来越长，根据全国居家养老状况调查组委会提供的调查材料显示统计和预测，2013年底我国60岁以上老年人口已突破2亿大关，2025年将突破3亿，2034年将突破4亿，至2050年左右将达到峰值4.87亿，届时每三个人中就有一个老年人，目前我国是世界上唯一的老年人口超过1亿的国家。随着现代化的发展，大批农村剩余劳动力流入城市，农村地区出现了很多空巢老人现象。农村地区老年人在空巢现象加重、家庭地位发生转移、养老机构起不到良好作用的状况下，农村老年人的精神负担和生活负担越来越重，而相当一部分农村老年人的生活处于相对和绝对的贫困状态，养老问题面临着严重困境。不难想象，在新的世纪，农村养老问题将是我国最大的社会问题之一。本文分析了如今中国农村养老的概况，揭露了中国农村养老存在的一些突出问题，并归纳了养老的几种主要模式。以山西省侯马市上马办为例，论述了养老的现状、存在问题，探讨了农村养老难的主要原因,重点论述了解决农村养老问题的对策建议。
关键词:农村养老老人

BriefAnalysisonRuralOld-ageCareandtheCountermeasures
——ShangmaOfficeofTownship,HoumaCounty,LinfenCity,ShanxiProvinceasanExample

Abstract：Withtheyearlyincreasinglifestandard,theaveragelifespanofhumanbeingsislongerandlonger.Accordingtothestatisticsandforecastsprovidedbynationalorganizingcommitteeofhome-basedcareservicestatus,theoldpopulationoversixtyhasbrokenthroughtwohundredmillionattheendof2013,whichwillbeoverthreehundredmillionin2025,overfourhundredmillionin2034,andarriveatthepeaknumberoffourpointeighty-sevenhundredmillionin2050whenalmostoneinthreeisanoldman.Chinaistheonlycountryofwhichthepopulationoftheagedisoveronehundredmillionatpresent.Largenumbersofsurplusrurallaborbegintotransfertocitieswiththedevelopmentofmodernization,resultingintheappearanceofmanyemptynesters.Underthecircumstancesofthecontinuouslyincreasingemptynesters,thetransferenceoffamilystatus,andtheincompletefunctionsofthepensionagencies,Chinaisfacedwithmanydifficultiesinsolvingruralold-agecareproblem.Thereexistmuchpressureoftheagedvillagersinboththeirspiritsandlives,whilequiteafewagingpeople’slivesareinarelativeorabsolutestatusofpoverty.It’snowonderthatthevillageretirementproblemwillbecomeoneofthemostcrucialsocialissuesinthe21stcentury.Thispaperwillanalyzethegeneralsituation,disclosesomeprominentproblemsoftheruralold-agesysteminChinanowadays,andthusinduceseveralmainmodesofnursingtheaged.ShangmaOfficeofTownship,HoumaCounty,LinfenCity,ShanxiProvinceistakenasanexampletotalkaboutthepresentstatusandexistingproblemsofruralold-agecare,explo