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摩尔定压比热.ppt

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Adiabaticprocess(絕熱過程)Derivethevalueofideagas(19–11)f=3Cv=3/2R=12.5J/mol.K Cp=5/2R=20.8J/mol.K TheoreticalvaluesofCV,CP,andareinexcellentagreementformonatomicgases.MolarSpecificHeatforanIdealgasAdiabaticexpansiondQ=0 (絕熱膨脹)(19–16)BlockDiagramofClement-Desorms’Experiment球型玻璃瓶(sphericalglassware) 銅蓋(CupperTip,可沿瓶口水平方向滑動而移開或滑入原位) 橡皮管(rubbertube) 玻璃氣閥(glassvalve) 打氣球(gaschargingball) U-型軟管(U-shapesofttube,內裝測氣體壓力的液體)ValuederivedinClassicalMechanicsMolarSpecificHeatIdealMonatomicGas-containsonlyoneatompermoleculeAdiabaticProcessforanIdealGasOthercontributionstointernalenergymustbetakenintoaccount: Translationalmotionofthecenterofmass:3degreesoffreedom Rotationalmotionaboutthevariousaxes:2degreesoffreedomforxandzaxes Toneglecttherotationaroundtheyaxissinceitisnegligiblecomparedtothexandzaxes. Eint=5/2nRT CV=5/2R=20.8J/mol.K Cp=7/2R=29.1J/mol.K predictsthatg=7/5=1.40Themoleculecanalsovibrate Thereiskineticenergyandpotentialenergyassociatedwiththevibrations Thisaddstwomoredegreesoffreedom Eint=7/2nRT,Cv=7/2R=29.1J/mol.K g=1.29AgreementwithExperiment-Molarspecificheatofadiatomicgas(actslikeamonatomicgas)isafunctionofT.QuantizationofEnergyDVD:自然界的引擎(EngineofNature)(MU46)