桑塔纳2000前后悬架进行结构设计毕业设计论文.doc

哈尔滨工业大学华德应用技术学院毕业设计

摘要

悬架是现代汽车上的重要总成之一，它最主要的功能是传递作用在车轮和车架(或车身)之间的一切力和力矩，并缓和汽车驶过不平路面时所产生的冲击，衰减由此引起的承载系统的振动，以保证汽车的行驶平顺性。因此必须在车轮与车架或车身之间提供弹性连接，依靠弹性元件来传递车轮或车桥与车架或车身之间的垂向载荷，并依靠其变形来吸收能量，达到缓冲的目的。采用弹性连接后，汽车可以看作是由悬架质量(即簧载质量)、非悬架质量(即非簧载质量)和弹簧(弹性元件)组成的振动系统，承受来自不平路面、空气动力及传动系、发动机的激励。为了迅速衰减不必要的振动，悬架中还必须包括阻尼元件，即减振器。此外，悬架中确保车轮与车架或车身之间所有力和力矩可靠传递并决定车轮相对于车架或车身的位移特性的连接装置统称为导向机构。导向机构决定了车轮跳动时的运动轨迹和车轮定位参数的变化，以及汽车前后侧倾中心及纵倾中心的位置，从而在很大程度上提高了整车的操纵稳定性和抗纵倾能力。本文主要对桑塔纳2000前后悬架进行结构设计。
关键词麦弗逊独立悬架、单纵臂独立悬架、减振器、螺旋弹簧、横向稳定器

Abstract

Suspensionisthemoderncarontheimportantassembly,whichhasoneofthemainfunctionistotransferfunctioninthewheelsandframe(orbody)allbetweentheforceandmoment,andeasewhenroughroadsurfacecarsdrivingbytheimpactofattenuationarisingfromthevibrationofthebearingsystem,toensurethesmoothrunningofthecar.Somustthewheelandframeorbodytoprovideflexibleconnectionbetween,relyontheelasticelementtodeliverthewheeloraxleandframeorbetweenverticalloadofthebody,anddependonthedeformationtoabsorbenergy,toachievethepurposeofthebufferAfterusingelasticandconnection,canberegardedasacarbysuspensionquality(i.e.springloadquality),thesuspensionquality(namelythespringloadquality)andspring(elasticcomponents)compositionofthevibrationsystem,andinheritfromroughroadsurface,airpowerandtransmission,engineincentive.Inordertoquicklyattenuationunnecessaryvibration,thesuspensionanditmustalsoincludedampingcomponents,namelytheshockabsorber.Inaddition,thesuspensionofthewheelandtheframeorbodytoensuretheeffectiveandreliablebetweentorquetransferanddecidedtothewheelsofthecarbodyorrelativetotheframeofthedisplacementcharacteristicsconnecteddevicecollectivelyreferredtoassteeringmechanism.Steeringmechanismofthewheeltobeattrajectoryandwheelpositioningparameters,andthechangeofthesidebeforethecaroutofthelongitudinalcenterandpourthepositionofthecenter,thusgreatlyimprovethevehiclesteeringstabilityandresistancetotheabilitytopour.
Inshort,thesuspensiondesignrelationshiptothecar'ssteeringstability,steeringportability,d