氮肥品种对砖红壤中钾素淋溶特征的影响.pdf

第19卷第6期水土保持学报Vol.19No.6
2005年12月JournalofSoilandWaterConservationDec.,2005

氮肥品种对砖红壤中钾素淋溶特征的影响
罗微,林清火*,茶正早,林钊沐

(中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,农业部热带作物栽培生理学重点开放试验室,海南儋州571737)

摘要:通过室内盆载试验研究不同氮肥品种对砖红壤中钾素淋溶特征的影响,结果表明,不同氮肥品种处理的渗
++
漏液中,K浓度大小顺序为复混肥b>碳铵尿素>复混肥a;对各处理渗漏液中K淋溶量Yt随时间t的变化用
7种方程进行拟合,其中对照、碳铵和复混肥b处理中,K+淋溶量可以用二级动力学方程1/Y=a+b/t来描述,
1/2+
尿素和复混肥a处理,以抛物线方程Yt=a+bt拟合效果较好;从渗漏液中K累计淋溶量来看,复混肥b>碳
铵尿素>复混肥a,且各处理中种植玉米均能显著减少K+累计淋溶量;最后对土壤剖面中速效钾含量进行分
析,结果显示,种植玉米处理中在25cm处有累积效应,且稍高于对应的休闲处理。
关键词:氮肥品种;钾素;砖红壤;淋溶
中图分类号:S157.1;S143.1;S158.3文献标识码:A文章编号:10092242(2005)06007404

EffectsofDifferentNitrogenFertilizersonLeachingCharacteristicsofPotassiuminLatosol
LUOWei,LINQinghuo*,CHAZhengzao,LINZhaomu
(RubberResearchInstitute,KeyLaboratoryforTropicalCropsPhysiology,MinistryofAgriculture,CATAS,Danzhou571737)
Abstract:Effectsofdifferentnitrogenfertilizersonleachingcharacteristicsofpotassiuminlatosolwerestudiedwithapot
experiment.Resultsareasfollows:ThesequenceofconcentrationofK+intheleachaterankedas:complexmixedfertiliz
erb>ammoniumbicarbonateurea>complexmixedfertilizera;Sevenequationmodelswereusedtodescribetherela
tionshipbetweenaccumulatedamountsofK+leachingandtimewithdifferentnitrogenfertilizers.Itwasdiscoveredthatthe
secondorderkineticequation1/Y=a+b/tcanbewellexpressedtherealsituationwiththecheck,ammoniumbicar
1/2
bonateandcomplexmixedfertilizerbtreatmentandtheparabolaequationYt=a+btcanbewellexpressedwithurea
andcomplexmixedfertilizeratreatment.Inthisstudy,thesequenceofaccumulatedamountsofK+leachingwasinanor
der:complexmixedfertilizerb>ammoniumbicarbonateurea>complexmixedfertilizera.Plantingcorncansignificantly
decreasetheleachingamountofK+.AnalyzedthecontendofavailableKinthesoil,thereareaccumulationofpotassium
inthe25cmsoillayerwithplantingcorntreatmentandthecontendsofpotassiumwerehigherthanthecorrespondingbare
treatments.
Keywords:differentnitrogenfertilizers;potassium;latosol;leaching

在热带亚热带地区,土壤中代换性阳离子主要是Al3+,抑制了土壤矿物对钾的吸附或促进钾离子的解吸,
使钾不易进入复合体而大部分存留在土壤溶液中易淋失[1]。海南省年均降雨量大,在