(原创精品)2013年普通高考英语科语法知识网络 专题12定语从句.doc

（原创精品）2013年普通高考英语科语法知识网络
专题12定语从句
I.定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。
关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking
Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar..whose人或物定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.
Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that人或物主语，宾语Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主语，宾语Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.
Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人或物主语，宾语Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.
ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as做宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhichwhere地点地点状语ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhichwhy原因原因状语Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhichII.that与which,who,whom的用法区别
情况用法说明例句只用that的情况1.先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代词时
2.先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时
3.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时
4.先行词既指人又指物时
5.先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时
6.句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时1.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.

2.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.

3.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.
4.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.
5.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.
6.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?只用which,who,whom的情况1.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人
2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。
3.先行词本身是that时，关系词用which,先行词为those,one,he时多用who。
1.Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.

2.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.

3.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.III.as、which和that的区别
从句区别例句限制性
定语从句中名词前有such和thesame修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.
Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.非限制性
定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.
Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.
Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.thesame...as和
thesame.