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水环境湿地讲解学习教案.ppt

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会计学4.2.1Definition《湿地(shīdì)公约》中的定义4.2.2有关湿地(shīdì)的术语和湿地(shīdì)类型WetlandTermsandTypes4.2.2.1TermsUsedtoDescribeWetlandsFen:Apeat-accumulatingwetlandthatreceivessomeinputsofgroundwaterordrainagefromsurroundingmineralsoilswhichtypicallyresultsinalkalinewatersandusuallysupportsgrass-likevegetation. Marsh:Afrequentlyorcontinuallyinundatedwetlandcharacterizedbygrass-likeandotheremergentvegetationadaptedtosaturatedsoilconditions.InEuropeanterminologyamarshhasamineralsoilsubstrateanddoesnotaccumulatepeat. Mire:Synonymouswithanypeat-accumulatingwetland(Europeandefinition) Moor:Synonymouswithpeatland(Europeandefinition)Muskeg(泥炭(nítàn)沼泽、厚苔泽):Largeexpansesofpeatlands;particularlyusedinCanadaandAlaska Peatland(泥炭(nítàn)地):Agenerictermforanywetlandthataccumulatespartiallydecayedplantmatter. Playa:TermusedinsouthwesternUnitedStatesformarshlikepondssimilartopotholesbutwithadifferentgeologicorigin. PoorFen:Apeat-accumulatingwetlandthatistransitionalbetweenatruebogandatruefen. Pothole(壶穴):Ashallow,marshlikepond,particularlyasfoundintheDakotasandcentralCanadianprovinces. Reedswamp.MarshdominatedbyPhragmites(commonreed);termusedparticularlyineasternEurope.Slough(泥沼):AswamporshallowlakesysteminthenorthernandmidwesternUnitedStates.AslowlyflowingshallowswampormarshinsoutheasternU.S. Swamp:Awetlanddominatedbytreesorshrubs(U.S.definition).InEuropeaforestedfenorreedgrass-dominatedwetlandisoftencalledaswamp,forexample,reedswamp. VernalPool(间隙塘):Anephemeralwetlandusuallyinaforestedarea. WetMeadow(草甸(cǎodiàn)):Grasslandwithwaterloggedsoilnearthesurfacebutwithoutstandingwaterformostoftheyear. WetPrairie(草原):Similartoamarshbutwaterlevelsusuallyintermediatebetweenamarshandawetmeadow4.2.2.2湿地(shīdì)类型海洋(hǎiyáng)和海岸湿地内陆(nèilù)湿地人工(réngōng)湿地生态环境类型SwampsAfreshwaterswampinnortheastTexas.Freshwaterswampsareinlandareaspermanentlysaturatedorcoveredbywateranddominatedbytrees,suchasbaldcypress.Thewatersurfaceiscoveredbyafloatingcarpetoftinyaquaticplants.MarshesGlasswort(厚岸草)dominateshighlysalineareason