中考英语定语从句专练.doc

中考英语定语从句复习
在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句.
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词.
引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whose,whom,which,that,as;
引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why;
关系代词在定语从句中做主语,宾语,定语.
关系副词在定语从句中做状语.
一.由who,引导的定语从句,who在从句中做主语(口语中也可做宾语),
修饰表示人的先行词.例如:
Thisisthemanwhohelpedme.
Doyouknowthecomradewhospokejustnow?
Theboywho//whomwesawyesterdayisJohn’sbrother.
二.whom引导的定语从句,whom在从句中作宾语,修饰表示人的先行词,
口语中可以省略.
Thedoctor(whom)youarelookingforisintheroom.
Theperson(whom)youjusttalkedtoisMr.Li.
=ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.(介词后whom不能省略)
Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingforareveryhealthy.
(固定短语中的介词一般不省略,介词仍放在动词之后)
三.whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语,修饰表示人或物的先行词.
DoyouknowthewomanwhosenameisMary.
Passmethedictionarywhosecoverisblack.
四.that引导的定语从句,that在从句中做主语或宾语,修饰表示人或物的先行词,
作宾语时可省略,不能放在介词后面作宾语.
Theletter(that//which)Ireceivedwasfrommyfather.
Ican’tfindtheletterthat//whichcamethismorning.
Doyoustillrememberthedays(that//which)wespenttogether?
Thisisthemanthat//whohelpedme.
Thehouse(that//which)weliveinisnotlarge.
=Thehouseinwhichweliveisnotlarge.
Thedoctor(that//whom//who)youarelookingforisintheroom.
五.which引导的定语从句,which在从句中做主语,也可做宾语,或介词的宾语,
修饰表示物的先行词.先行词可以是词、短语、句子。
Thisisthebook(which/that)youwant.
Thebuildingwhich//thatstandsneartheriverisourschool.
Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.(介词后面的which不能省略)
Thehouse(which/that)weliveinisnotlarge.
Thisisthewatch(which/that)hewaslookingfor.
(在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在动词之后,不能放在which之前)
六、that和which都可以修饰表示物的先行词,但是下列情况只能用that.
①. 先行词为不定冠词all,few,little,much,everything,nothing等.
All(that)youhavetodoistopractiseeveryday.
Thereisn’tmuch(that)Icando.
②. 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时.
Thefirstlesson(that)Ilearnedwillneverbeforgotten.
Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.
③. 先行词被all,any,every,few,little,no,some等不定代词修饰时.
Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.
④. 先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame等修饰时.
ThewhitefloweristheonlyonethatIreallylike.
ThisistheverybookthatIwanttoread.
ThisisthesamebookthatIwanttoread.(同一本书)
----ThisisthesamebookasIwanttoread.
⑤. 当主句以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句that引导.
Whoisthem