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非谓语动词讲义 考点梳理 一、非谓语动词的形式 二、非谓语动词的用法 (一)作主语、宾语 1.动词不定式或动词­ing形式作主语或宾语时,可用it作形式主语或形式宾语。如: Eugene'sneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions.It'snousearguingwithhim. Nobodythinksitaneasyjobtohavedonesomuchinonlyoneday. 2.动词不定式和动词­ing形式作宾语比较: ◆有些动词后只能接doing,如:admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,keep,miss,mention,practice,risk,suggest等。如: Lydiadoesn'tfeellikestudyingabroad.Herparentsareold. BillsuggestedholdingameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation. ◆有些动词后只能接todo,如:agree,decide,expect,hope,manage,plan,pretend,refuse,threaten,wish等。如: Davidthreatenedtoreporthisneighbourtothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid. Ican'tstandworkingwithJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefusestostoptalkingwhilesheworks. ◆有些动词后接doing和todo都可以,且意思差别细微或没差别,如:begin,start,hate,like,love,continue等;但另一些词差别很大,如:forget,try,remember,mean,stop,regret等。如: IstillrememberbeingtakentotheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere. Hisfatherdidn'tremembertolockthedoorbeforehelefthome,soathiefbrokeinandstolemanythings. ◆动词need,require,want作“需要”解时,其后须用动词­ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。如: Asyouknow,theyoungtreeneedswatering/tobewateredonceinawhile;otherwise,itwoulddiesoon. (二)作表语 动词­ing形式作表语表示一般或抽象的习惯性动作,也可以说明主语的特征和性质,相当于形容词。不定式作表语表示具体的或一次性的动作,特别是将来的动作。过去分词作表语表示主语的状态:及物动词的过去分词作表语,有被动和完成的意味;不及物动词的过去分词作表语,只表完成。如: Uptonow,hehasreallyrealizedthathelpingothersishelpinghimself. ThenewsthathehasgotthefirstprizeintheEnglishcontestisinspiring. Hiswishistobeateacherinasmallvillage,thoughmanypeopledon'twanttobe. (三)作宾补、主补 1.作宾补的过去分词,大都来自及物动词,与宾语是被动关系。动词­ing形式作宾补,与宾语是主动关系。如: Eventhebestwriterssometimesfindthemselveslostforwords. Alexandertriedtogethisworkrecognizedinthemedicalcircles. Listen!Doyouhearsomeonecallingforhelp? 2.在感官动词和某些使役动词后作宾补的不定式不带to,但转换为被动结构时,其后作主补的不定式一般需带to。如: Myparentshavealwaysmademefeelgoodaboutmyself,evenwhenIwastwelve. Theboywasmadetogotobedearly. 3.with复合结构 with+宾语+宾语补足语,构成with复合结构,宾语可以是名词或代词,宾语补足语可以是动词不定式、过去分词、动词­ing形式等。不定式与前面的名词是主动关系,表示动作还没发生;过去分词与前面的名词是被动关系,表示动作已经发生;动词­ing形式与前面的名词是主动关系,表示动作正在进