定语从句十大典型错误例析.doc

定语从句十大典型错误例析
[错例展示]
1.IamsorryIhavelostthebookyoulentittomelastweek.
2.MaryistheonlyoneofuswhohavebeentotheGreatWall.
3.Isthismuseumthatyoupaidavisittoafewdaysago?
4.Pleaseshowmethebookwhichcoverisred.
5.Don’tworry.IwilldoallwhatIcantohelpyouout.
6.Itisknowntousall,Chinahasthelargestpopulationintheworld.
7.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenwespenttogetherinNo.1MiddleSchool.
8.Myglasses,withoutthemIwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.
9.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,thatwasmorethanwehadexpected.
10.Itwasinthisfactorywheremyfatherhadworkedformorethan20years.
[指点迷津]
1.去掉it。定语从句youlenttomelastweek前省略了关系代词that/which,that/which在定语从句中充当宾语，it与关系代词重复，应去掉。
2.have→has。关系代词作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。例句中关系代词who指代的是先行词theonlyoneofus，故谓语动词用单数。
3.在that前加theone或者museum前加the。解这类题时，不妨先将疑问语序改为陈述语序。thismuseum是主句的主语，故应添加theone作主句的表语，同时也充当定语从句的先行词。当然，如果this单独作主语，那么在museum前加the，即themuseum作了主句的表语，同时充当了先行词。
4.which→whose。whose作定语限定cover，whosecover在定语从句中作主语。注意：whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以是人，还可以是物。
5.what→that或将what删除。that引导定语从句修饰先行词all，that在从句中作宾语也可省略。注意：what不能引导定语从句。当然，也可以将例句中的all删除，这样，whatIcan就成了宾语从句。
6.It→As或将逗号改为that。关系代词as作“这一点”解，指代后面整个句子，引导非限制性定语从句，并且在从句中作主语。也可以将逗号改为that，这样，it就成了形式主语，而that引导的是主语从句。
7.when→that/which或将when删除。that/which引导定语从句，并在从句中作spent的宾语，也可省略。
8.them→which。犯这类错误的主要原因是没有弄清句子结构。这是一个主从复合句，在两个逗号中间的是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。
9.that→which。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
10.where→that。犯这类错误的主要原因是把强调句型与定语从句混为一谈了。该句为强调句型，强调的是地点状语inthisfactory。
[即学即练]
找出下列各句中的错误，并改正。
1.I’lltellyouallwhatIknowabouttheaccident.
2.Isthisbookthatyouhavereadthreetimes?
3.Itwasnotuntil11:30whenhegothomelastnight.
4.Hewaslateforclassagain,andwhichmadetheteacherveryangry.
5.Atthemeetinghecameupwithagoodplan,whichweallagreedtoacceptit.
6.Anyonewhowanttogotothefilmtonightwritesdownyournamehere.
7.Ihavemanyfriends,ofthemsomearebusinessmen.
8.Lookout!Don’tgettooclosetothehousewhichroofisunderrepair.
Key:
1.去掉all或去掉what或what→that
2.book前加the或that前加theone
3.when→that 4.which→this或去掉and 5.去掉it
6.want→wants 7.them→whom 8.which→whose