高考英语定语从句用法讲解及专练.docx

徐定语从句高考英语定语从句用法讲解及专练
一.定义：
1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；
关系副词有where,when,why等。
关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。
3结构：先行词+关系词+从句
二.关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.
(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.
2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.
(2)Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.
3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.
(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.
4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.
(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?
5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.
(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.
whose指物时，常用限定词名词+ofwhich或ofwhich+限定词名词结构来代替
(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
(4)Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.
(2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.
(3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.
(4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.
注意：1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等
(1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T)
(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F)
2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that，不可以省略；指物时用which，不能用that，不可以省略；关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)
(2)Themanwithwho/thatyoutalkedismyfriend.(F)
(3)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)
(4)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)
3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词
(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.
(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.
(3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefromb