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PAGE\*MERGEFORMAT9 高考英语语法专题讲解- 定语从句、同位语从句、强调句 1.定语从句 1.1三步思考: (1)找出先行词; (2)看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语); (3)选择合适的关联词。 1.2何时用that?何时用which? 1.2.1只能用that的3种情况: (1)先行词被序数词最高级,以及theonly、theverythesame、thelast修饰过. (2)先行词为all、everything、nothing等不定代词. (3)先行词同时是人和物并列时. e.g.LatermyfatherandMr.Crossettalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedinschool. 1.2.2只能用which的情况: (1)介宾短语 (2)指代前面的一件事 e.g.Hetalkedofitinarudewaywhichmademeannoyed. 1.3关系代词as(正如…) 1.3.1as在定语从句中作主语 e.g.Asappearfromherpaper,shehasreadwidelyinRomanticliterature. Wehavefoundsuchmaterialasisusedintheirfactory.(非同一块材料) Wehavefoundsuchmaterialthatisusedintheirfactory.(同一块材料) 1.3.2as在定语从句中作宾语 e.g.Sheisremarkable,asIhavetoldyou. ShewearstheclothesasshedidlastSunday.(穿的是同一件) Shewearstheclothesashersisterdoes.(穿的不是同一件) 1.3.3as在定语从句中作表语 e.g.Hewasnotthesamepersonashe(was).(省略从句谓语时只能用as) =Hewasnotthesamepersonthathewas. 1.3.4as的固定用法: Asweknow,=Asisknowntoallthat/Asisknowntoall,… 1.4allthat和what AllthatIknowisthathehasmadeuphismindtoheavethecountryforanewplace. that引导定语从句that引导表语从句 =WhatIknowisthat…… What引导主语从句 1.5关系副词:where,when,why 比较:ThisisthehousewhereIlived2yearsago. ThisisthehousewhichIvisited. IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy. Iwillneverforgetthedaythatwespenttogether. ThereasonwhyIamcallingyouistoinviteyoutomyparty. Thereasonyougavemeyesterdaycannotbeaccepted. ThereasonisthatIwantyoutocometomyparty. 表语从句 只要在定语从句中担任状语的,就用关系副词。 p.s.在判断选用关系代词或关系副词时,尤其要注意:及物动词后直接加宾语,则选关系代词;不及物动词后不可直接加宾语,则选关系副词! 2.定语从句与同位语从句的区别 2.1形式结构基本相同:都跟在名词或代词之后,且又常由that引导。 2.2句法功能不相同:同位语从句对前一名词做补充说明,在从句中无语法位置,而定语从句所修饰词在从句中占一语法位置。 2.3区别方法: 2.3.1that是否在从句中担任成分? Thenewsthattheleaderwillcomehereisnottrue. 在从句中不担任成分 Thenewsthatyoutoldmelastweekisnottrue. 在从句中担任宾语 2.3.2在that前面加is,如果句意成立就是同位语;否则就不是。 Thenewsisthattheleaderwillcomehereisnottrue. 成立 Thenewsisthatyoutoldmelastweekisnottrue. 不成立 2.3.3根据that前的名字判断 同位语that前的名词必须是一个表示事实的抽象名词:fact,news,information,order,belief,reply,answer,saying,doubt,hope,idea,thought,suggestion,wish,conclusi