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文都考研英语基础班阅读理解电子版讲义-徐绽.pdf

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本文由guoqingsx贡献 pdf1。 知识宝库考研社区(www.1zhao.org)友情提示：购买原版，饮水思源! Unit1 PartOneTheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasically private-enterprise,market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelyde terminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplace forthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Privatebusinessmen,st rivingtomakeprofits,producethesegoodsandservicesincompetitionwi thotherbusinessmen;andtheprofitmotive,operatingundercompetitivep ressures,largelydetermineshowthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.Th us,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsume rs,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedes ireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhat shallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.Animportant factorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthatmechanismbywhichconsumerde mandscanbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmericanecon omy,thismechanismisprovidedbyapricesystem,aprocessinwhichpric esriseandfallinresponsetorelativedemandsofconsumersandsupplies offeredbyseller-producers.Iftheproductisinshortsupplyrelativet othedemand,thepricewillbebidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminat edfromthemarket.If,ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityr esultsinreducingitscost,thiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyoffered byseller-producers,whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmorec onsumerstobuytheproduct.Thus,priceistheregulatingmechanisminth eAmericaneconomicsystem.Theimportantfactorinaprivate-enterprisee conomyisthatindividualareallowedtoownproductiveresources（privat eproperty）,andtheyarepermittedtohirelabor,gaincontrolovernatu ralresources,andproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.Inthe Americaneconomy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheo wnershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtheri ghttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwithan otherprivateindividual.1.InLines8-9,Para.1,“thedesireofindivid ualstomaximizetheirincomes”means.[A]Americansareneversatisfied withtheirincomes[B]Americanstendtooverstate