名词,冠词,数词,代词,介词.pdf

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名词

名词的数
1、可数名词与不可数名词
A、不可数名词，初中阶段常见的不可数名词有：water;meat;rice;bread;milk;tea;
orange(桔汁);fruit;air;snow;chalk;work;paper(纸);time(时间);music;
weather;grass;news;food;fish(鱼肉);coke;porridge;cake(可数或不可数).
不可数名词应注意以下几点：
1)前无数、冠，后无复数；作主语为三单.
2)表量用约数some/any;much;alotof或用of短语
eg.Thereis____breadonthetable.[C]
A.aB.oneC.apieceofD.many
Thereissome_______ontheplate.[B]
A.appleB.fishC.milksD.deer
2、可数名词的复数
A、不规则变化：
man—men;woman—women;child—children
policeman—policemen
Englishman—Englishmen
Frenchman—Frenchmen
foot—feet;tooth—teethmouse(鼠)—mice
B、规则变化
1）s;sh;ch;x结尾加es读[iz]
2)ce;se;ze;(d)ge结尾加s
eg.boxes[bksiz]blouses[blauziz]
3)f(fe)结尾则变f(fe)为v加es---读[vz]
eg.knives[naivz]
4)“辅+y”结尾变y为i加es清就清[s]
5)一般加s浊就浊[z]
eg.books[buks]pens[penz]babies[beibiz]
但注意以下几点：
①potato—potatoes;tomato—tomatoes
②单复同形:fish;sheep;deer;Chinese;Japanese
③由man,woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数
mandoctor—mendoctors
④reef—reefs
⑤“某国人”的复数：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面.eg.German—Germans
⑥people,police常用单数形式表示复数概念Thepolicearelookingforthemissing
boy.
3、名词所有格：名词’s(意思是“……的”)
A.有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加“’s”但注意：
1)表两者共有则在后者加“’s”
LucyandLily’sfather露西和莉莉的父亲
Lucy’sandLily’sfathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.

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2)以s结尾的词只加“’”
eg.1)theboys’books2)James’father
3)无生命的名词所有格用of来引导
eg.thelegofthedesk
4)双重所有格：afriendofmyfather’s
afriendofmine(√)afriendofmy(×)
练习
一、写出下列词．的复数
1.book______2.bus______3.orange_______
4.baby______5.boy______6.my________
7.his_______8.knife______9.watch________
10.sheep______11.tooth_____12.leaf____
13.German__________14.Chinese_________
二、选择正确的答案
()1.—Arethose______?
---No,theyaren’t.They’re_____.
A.sheep;cowsB.sheep;cow
C.sheeps;cowD.sheeps;cows
()2.Mum,I’mquitethirsty.Pleasegiveme____.
A.twoorangeB.twobottlesoforange
C.twobottlesorangeD.twobottlesoforanges
()3.Ihavegot___newsfrommyfriend.Doyouwanttoknow?
A.averygoodB.any
C.apieceofD.twopieces
()4.___roomisonthe5thfloor.
A.LucyandLilyB.LucyandLily’s
C.Lucy’sandLilyD.Lucy’sandLily’s
()5.EverymorningMr.Smithtakesa____tohisoffice.
A.20minutes’walkB.20minute’swalk
C.20-minuteswalkD.20-minutewal