托福口语分类词汇_必备 2.doc

1地理GEOGRAPHY

geography地理geographer地理学家hemisphere半球meridian子午线，经线parallel平行圈，纬线latitude经度longitude纬度elevation海拔altitude高度horizon地平线equator赤道Arctic北极Antarctic(Antarctica)南极expedition探险
navigation航海topography地形，地形学continent大陆
continentalshelf大陆架
continentaldrift大陆漂移说
plain平原plateau(highland)高地lowland低地basin盆地cavern(cave)洞穴
oasis（沙漠）绿洲
cleft(flaw)裂缝
crevice(rift;slit)裂缝summit山顶
range（山）脉valley峡谷gorge峡谷
canyon峡谷channel(strait)海峡
marine（maritime;oceanic）海的
tide潮汐ebb(away)退潮
sea-floorspreading海床扩展
oceanbottom海床
coastland沿海地区
contour轮廓；海岸线continentalisland大陆岛volcanicisland火山岛coralisland珊瑚岛insular海岛的
islet小岛peninsular半岛
ledge暗礁remote-sensing遥感的terrain地域
terrestrial地球的，陆地的terrestrialheat(geothermal)地热terrestrialmagnetism(geomagnetism)地磁
subterranean(underground)地底下evaporation蒸发salinity含盐度sediment沉淀物，沉积物tropics热带地区
tropical热带的temperate温带的
temperatelatitudes温带地区frigid寒带的frostheaving冻胀现象

2地质geology地质学geologist地质学家crust地壳mantle地幔core地核continentalcrust大陆地壳oceaniccrust海洋地壳layer(stratum,复strata)地层plate板块fault断层faultplane断层面faultzone断层带rift(crack;split)断裂fossil化石
petrify石化，硬化igneousrock火成岩sedimentaryrock沉积岩metamorphicrock变质岩quartz石英limestone石灰岩marble大理石granite花岗岩lithogenous岩成的lithosphere岩石圈mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床platinum白金，铂silver银copper黄铜aluminum铝tin锡lead铅zinc锌nickel镍mercury汞，水银sodium钠fieldstone卵石gem宝石diamond钻石emerald绿宝石ruby红宝石crystal水晶
glacier冰川glacial冰川的glacialepoch(age,period)冰川期glacialdrift冰渍iceberg冰山volcano火山activevolcano活火山extinctvolcano死火山dormantvolcano休眠火山eruption火山喷发crater火山口lava(magma)火山岩浆
magma岩浆volcanic火山的volcanicdust火山尘volcanicash火山灰earthquake(quake;tremor;seism)地震seismic地震的seismology地震学magnitude震级seismicwave地震波cataclysm灾变
3天文
ASTRONOMY天文学astronomy天文学astronomical天文的巨大的astronomicalobservatory天文台astronomer天文学家astrophysics天文物理学astrology占星学pseudoscience伪科学infinite无限的
vacuum真空
cosmos(universe)宇宙cosmology宇宙学cosmic（universal）宇宙的cosmicradiation宇宙辐射
radiation辐射emission发射，散发cosmicrays宇宙射线infraredray红外线
celestial天的天体的celestialbody(heavenlybody)天体celestialmap/skyatlas天体图celestia