长难句翻译理解.doc

一、阅读分为四个层次：词、句、段、章。同学们一般习惯于以词为单位阅读，所以遇到存在“生词”的句子就无从下手了。其实阅读的真正障碍并不在于“生词”，而在于“难句”，因为难句即使每个单词都认识，只要“结构”复杂，可能也读不懂。反之，一旦能够把握“结构”，就可以忽略生词，掌握大意，从而实现“无词阅读”的境界。
二、难句的构成
英语的难句=主句+从句+短语，不同于汉语的句子全是简单句，没有复杂句。如果把英语的难句比喻成大树，那么主句相当于树干，从句相当于树枝，而短语相当于叶子。只要把握主句，就可理解大意。相比之下，汉语的句子就好比是竹子，一节一节的。
因此，我们在理解英语难句的时候要学会“拆”——把复杂句拆成简单句来理解。也就是说，要学会抓住“树干”，拆掉“枝叶”。
三、如何“拆”
任何句子都必须有谓语动词，所以找到一个谓语动词就可以拆下来一个句子。因此，理解难句的基本步骤是：1）识别出有哪几个谓语动词；2）找出主句的谓语动词，先理解主句；3）再去理解从句和短语。
平行并列结构
1．Everyoneshouldknowwherethenearestfirealarmboxislocatedandwhereexits,fireescapes,andfiredoorsare.
2．Thewayspaceisusedtoenabletheindividualtoachieveprivacy,tobuildhomesortodesigncitiesisculturallyinfluenced.
3．Iwantedhertoknowthatmyheartwaswithher,andthatIthoughtEnglandowedheragreatdebtandwasgoingtomissher.
4．Keepingyourhead,insteadofcrowdingandpushingtogettoanexit,maymakethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathwhenfirebreaksout.
5．Neitherfriendsnorfamilycanconvincephobicpeoplethatmostanimalsareharmless,thatthousandsoftravelersflysafelyeveryday,andmillionsofpeopleridesafelyinelevatorsseveraltimeseachday.
6．Millionsofpeopletravelaboutthecountrybyrail,bybus,orbyautomobile,ordrivetoandfromtheirplacesofworkandtheirhomes.
7．Herewehavealittlechild,withoutknowledgeorexperience;thereagrown-uppersonwithfullydevelopedmentalpowers.
8．Therearerelayracesinrunningandswimminginsummer,andrelayinskiinginwinter.
9．Butwerememberwithfargreaterpainthatwedidnotseethatbeautywhenitflowered,thatwefailedtorespondwithlovewhenitwastendered.
10．Thisisnotaneasylessontolearn,especiallywhenweareyoungandthinkthattheworldisourstocommand,thatwhateverwedesirewiththefullforceofourpassionatebeingcanbeours.
11．MorethanthreemillionpeopleliveininnerLondon,andnearlyfivemillionpeopleliveinthesurroundingsuburbanarea,whichismadeupofformerlyseparatevillagesthathavemergedtoformwhatisnowcalledouterLondon.

1．Everyoneshouldknowwherethenearestfirealarmboxislocatedandwhereexits,fireescapes,andfiredoorsare.
结构：本句有三个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为shouldknow，其余两个都是由where引导的并列宾语从句。本句可以拆分为：
1)Everyoneshouldknow