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第七讲非谓语动词考点透析 1.不定式、分词、动名词的否定式都是在其前面加not/never。例如: (1)Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughternevertodriveafterdrinking. (2)Notknowingwhattodo,Iwenttotheteacherforadvice. (3)Iapologizetoyoufornottellingyouthetruthimmediately.2.不定式的进行时表示动作与谓语动作同时发生。不定式、分词、动名词的完成式表动作在谓语之前发生。例如: (1)Whenmothercameintotheroom,Tompretendedtobeworkinghardathislessons. (2)Robertissaidtohavestudiedabroad,butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin. (3)Havingfinishedallmyhomework,IwentouttoplayfootballwithLiMing. (4)Theboywasseverelypunishedbyhisfatherforhavingtoldlies.3.不定式作定语时,如果不定式是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的工具、地点,不定式后就应有必要的介词。例如: Therearefivepairstochoosefrom,butI'matalosswhichtobuy. 4.不定式主动表被动的几种情况: 在Therebe结构中,作定语的不定式既可用主动语态也可用被动语态。例如: Thereisalotofworktodo/tobedone.不定式作定语时,如果不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的宾语,但是又可在句子中找到另一个词作不定式的逻辑主语,不定式要用主动语态。例如: Wouldyoupleasegivetheboysomethingtoread? (something是read的宾语,theboy是read的逻辑主语,不定式用主动语态。) 注意比较下列两个句子: Ihavesomeletterstotype.(隐含意义:I'lltypethelettersmyself.) Doyouhaveanyletterstobetyped,sir?(隐含义:I'lltypethelettersforyou.)5.关于不定式的省略。 在连词than,as后,介词except,but,besides后,如果前有实义动词do的某种形式,动词不定式一般不带to,反之则带to。例如: (1)Inthatcase,thereisnothingyoucandothanwait. (2)Helikesreadingnovelsbesidestoplaythepiano. 使役动词make,let,have和感官动词see,watch,hear,observe后接不定式作宾补时要省略to,但在被动语态中,to不能省略。例如:(1)Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeoplehaveitdo. (2)Pauldoesn'thavetobemadetolearn.Healwaysworkshard. 6.admit,advise,avoid,appreciate,can'thelp,consider,delay,deny,escape,enjoy,finish,feellike,fancy,imagine,mind,miss,practise,risk,suggest等动词以及所有带介词的短语动词后面只能跟动名词作宾语。例如: (1)Ireallyappreciatehavingtimetorelaxwithyouonthisniceisland. (2)Theboywasluckyenoughtoescapebeingpunished.7.remember,forget,try,mean,regret,stop,goon后接不定式做宾语与接动名词作宾语,意义有很大区别,必须牢记。 regretdoing因做过某事而后悔,动作已发生 regrettodo因将做某事而遗憾,动作没发生 rememberdoing记得做过某事,动作已发生 remembertodo记得去做某事,动作没发生 forgetdoing忘记曾做过某事,动作已发生 forgettodo忘记做某事,动作没发生meandoing意味着 meantodo打算做 stopdoing停止做 stoptodo停止做某事而做另一件事 trydoing尝试做 trytodo努力做 例如: (1)Shesearchedthetopofthehillandstoppedtorestonab