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ARTICLE OpticalPropertiesofa NanosizedHoleina ThinMetallicFilm Tae-HoPark,†NikolayMirin,‡J.BrittLassiter,†ColleenL.Nehl,†NaomiJ.Halas,‡,§andPeterNordlander†,§,* †DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy,M.S.61,‡DepartmentofChemistry,M.S.60,§DepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineering,M.S.366,andLaboratoryfor Nanophotonics,RiceUniversity,Houston,Texas77005-1892 heopticalpropertiesofmetallic Tnanostructuresareasubjectofcon-ABSTRACTSubwavelengthholesareoneofthemostimportantstructuresinnanophotonics,providinga siderablefundamentalandtechno-usefulgeometryfornanosensingandgivingrisetoextraordinarytransmissionwhenpatternedinarrays.Here logicalimportance.Theexcitationspectrumwetheoreticallyandexperimentallyexaminetheopticalpropertiesofanindividualnanoholeinathinmetallic ofametallicnanostructureisdetermined film.Incontrasttolocalizedplasmonicnanostructureswiththeirowncharacteristicresonances,nanoholesprovide byitsplasmonresonances,whicharecollec- asiteforexcitationoftheunderlyingthinfilmsurfaceplasmons.Weshowthatbothholediameterandfilm tiveoscillationsoftheconductionelec- trons.Theenergiesofplasmonresonancesthicknessdeterminetheenergyoftheopticalresonance.Atheoreticaldispersioncurvewasobtainedandverified candependstronglyonshapeandcompo-usingspectralmeasurementsofindividualnanoholes. sitionofthenanostructure.1–7Examplesof highlytunableplasmonicnanoparticlesare metallicnanoshells8andnanorods.9,10TheInordertofullyunderstandtheproper- tunabilityoftheplasmonresonancesofme-tiesofcomplexsystemssuchasnanohole tallicnanoparticlescanbeexploitedtopo-arraysandsinglenanoholesofcomplex sitiontheopticalresonancesatspecificshape,onemustfirstunderstandthemost wavelengthregionsofinterestandhasledbasicsystem,asinglecircularapertureina toawiderangeofapplicationsacrossmanythinmetallicfilm.Theopticalpropertiesofa disciplinesinscienceandengineering.Insinglenanoholehavebeenpreviouslystud- additiontotheirfundamentalimportance,iedexperimentallybyothergroups.The plasmonicnanostructuresarereceivingameasuredelasti