不同材料的室温单轴应变循环特性和棘轮行为研究.pdf

枧械度2OO2，24(4)：608—612

●研究简报●
不同材料的室温单轴应变循环特性和棘轮行为研究
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康国政高庆杨显杰
(西南交通大学应用力学与工程系，成都610031)
KANGGuozhengGAOQingYANGxianiie
(DepartmentofApplicdMechanicsandEngineering，SouthwestJiaotongUnivershy，Chengdu610031，China)

摘要通过对U71Mn轨道钢和316L不锈钢室温下单轴应变控制和应力控制循环的实验研究，就两种材料的应变循
环特性和棘轮行为进行研究和比较。讨论应变循环下应变幅值和平均应变的大小及其历史对应变循环特性的影响以及
应力循环下应力幅值和平均应力的大小及其历史对棘轮行为的影响，同时还讨论了应变循环与应力循环间的交互作用。
研究中着重对两种材料的循环特性进行比较，得到一些有助于进行合理本构描述的结果。
关键词金属材料循环塑性棘轮行为单轴加载
中图分类号TG113、250344．3
hJam-aaAnexperimentalstudywascarriedoutforthecyclicbehaviorofUT1Mnrailsteeland316Lstainlesssteelsubjectedto
uniaxialsnandsscyclingatloomtemporature．Theefectsofcyclicstrainamplitude．rnearIstrainandtheirloadinghistorieson

thestraincycliccharacteristicswerestudied．Inthemeantime．theefectsofstressamplitude，rnBarIshessandtheirhistoriesonthe

ratehetingoftheasymmetricalsti'e~cyclingwerealso~alyzed．Theinteractionofstraincyclingandsh℃sscyclingwasdiscussedtoo、

Inthestudy，thestraincyclicbehaviorandmtehetingofthetwostelswerecomparedespecially、Themsuhsshowthat，underthestrain

cycling，UT1Mnrallsteelfeaturesalmostnocyclichardeningorsofteninganditsstraincycliccharacteristicshardlydependonthe

loadinghistory．However，316Lstainlessstelcharacterizessignificantlycyclichardeninganditsstraincycliccharacteristicsdependsnot

onlyoncurrentloadcase．butalsogreatlyontheloadhistory．316Lstainlessstelhasanobviousmemorizationforthemaxilnutnstrain

amplitudeoftheloadhistory．Thesephenomenamustbetakenintoaccountintheconstitutivemodeling．Themeanstrainanditshistory

havealmostnoefectonthestraincyclicbehaviorsofthetworesearchedmetals．Ratchetingisaspecialcharacteristicofthematerial

presentedintheasymmetrical$11"esscycling．Underthestrescycling，theratchetingbehaviorsofthetwometalsdependnotonlyoil

currentloadcase．butalsoontheprevioushistory．ThemtchetingstrainanditsrateincreasewiththeincreaseofⅡleansh黜andsh黜

amplitude．The0rhigherrIlearIsandstressamplitudecyclingcanrestrainthemt