多孔泡沫材料的声吸收特性_卢天健.pdf

第41卷第9期西安交通大学学报Vol.41l9

2007年9月JOURNALOFXIcANJIAOTONGUNIVERSITYSep.2007

多孔泡沫材料的声吸收特性

卢天健1,IainD.J.Dupàre2,AnnP.Dowling2
(1.西安交通大学强度与振动教育部重点实验室,710049,西安;2.剑桥大学工程系,CB21PZ,英国剑桥)

摘要:为了结合泡沫金属兼有的高吸声和高热传导两种特性以进一步提高其吸声性能,回顾了泡
沫金属材料的应用和声学建模;通过对泡沫金属和用于制造泡沫金属的高分子基体材料的实验,比
较了作者提出的声波通过泡沫金属传播的3种黏滞模型的预测结果,表明所有模型在泡沫金属典
型胞元尺寸所对应的低雷诺数范围内是有效的(假定声波为线性,幅值低于160dB).第一种模型
考虑了声波沿平行于刚性圆柱束轴线方向传播时所受到的空气曳力,第二种模型考虑了声波沿垂
直于刚性圆柱束轴线方向的传播,第三种模型考虑了声波通过球形节点的传播.结合这3种模型,
提出了一种泡沫金属声学性能的综合模型,可以用来预测泡沫金属的声吸收特性.此外,还介绍了
一种用于泡沫金属材料基本声传播特性实验的后处理技术.
关键词:泡沫金属;声波吸收;声学建模
中图分类号:TG146121;TG13216文献标识码:A文章编号:0253O987X(2007)09O1003O09
AbsorptionofSoundinCellularFoams

LuTianjian1,IainD.J.Dupàre2,AnnP.Dowling2
(1.MOEKeyLaboratoryofStrengthandVibration,XicanJiaotongUniversity,Xican710049,China;
2.EngineeringDepartment,CambridgeUniversity,CambridgeCB21PZ,UK)

Abstract:Tofurtherenhancethesoundabsorptionofmetalfoamsviacombiningthehighsound
absorptionandgoodheatconductivityofthecellularfoammetals,theuseandacousticmodeling
ofthesematerialsarereviewed.Thepredictionsmadebythreeviscousmodelsdevelopedbythe
authorsforthepropagationofsoundthroughopen-cellmetalfoamsarecomparedwithanexper-i
mentbothforthemetalfoamsandforthepolymersubstratesusedtomanufacturethefoam.All
modelsarevalidinthelimitoflowReynold.snumberwhichisvalidforthetypicalcelldimen-
sionsfoundinmetalfoamsprovidedtheamplitudeofthewavesisbelow160dB.Thefirstmodel
considersthedragexperiencedbyacousticwavesastheypropagatepassingrigidcylindersparallel
totheiraxes,thesecondconsidersthepropagationnormaltotheiraxes,andthethirdconsiders
thepropagationpassingthesphericaljoints.Allthreearecombinedtogethertogiveageneral
modeloftheacousticbehaviorofthefoams.Inparticular,thesoundabsorptionisfoundtobe
significantandwellpredictedbythecombinedmodel.Inaddition,apost-processingtechniqueis
describedfortheexperimentusedtoextractthefundamentalwavepropagationcharacteristicsof
thematerial.
Keywords:metalfoam;soundabsorption;acousticmodeling;experiment

多孔材料通常在建筑等广泛的工业领域用作吸声材料,具有质轻、刚度高等许多优点.