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染整专业英语课堂练习.doc

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1Whatisfibre Fibresarethefoundationoftextileindustry.Alltextilesaremadeoffibres.Alloftheproductionflowsandformulaeintextileswetproceccingstagesincludingpre-treatment,dyeing,printingandfinalfinishingaredesignedandconductedonthebasisofthepropertiesofthefibresfromwhichthetextilesaremade.Soitisnecessaryforustoreviewthefibre’sdefinitionandpropertiesbeforewediscussthewettreatmentoftextiles. Whatisafibre?Fibreisthesmallestvisibleunitofmatterthathasahighlengthtodiameterratio,finenessandflexibility. Theabovedefinitionfortextilefibresisverybroad.Somanythingsaredemandedoffibresinmanydifferentuses.However,somecharacteristicscanbeidentifiedwhichalltextilefibresmusthaveiftheyaretobecommerciallysuccessful:ahighlengthtodiameterratio,strength,extensibilityandelasticity,resistancetochemicals,heatandsunlight,andabilitytotakecolour. Fibersareusuallygroupedinordertoresearchordiscussorapplythemconventiently.Mostoffibresarepolymer.Besedontheirchemicalcomposition,fibrescanbeclassifiedintomanygroupssuchascellulosicfibre,proteinfibre,viscosefibre,polyamidefibre,polyesterfibreandpolycrylicfibre,etc..Butthemostconvenientgroupingdividesthemintotwobasicgroupsaccoudingtotheirorigins:i.e.naturalandman-madefibres.Naturalfibresrefertoallfibersthatoccurinfibreforminnature,includingcotton,linen,wool,silk,andsoon,whichhavebeenknownandusedforthousandsofyears.Asnaturalfibrescannotmeettherequirementofpeople,manypolymersthatdonotnaturallyexistintheformoffibrehavebeenprocessedintothefibreform,usuallybyforcingtheviscouspolymersthroughaspinneretthatconsistsofaseriesoftinyholesarrangedinacircle,andusedasfibres.Theseproductsareknownasman-madefibres. Thetwobasicgroupscanthenbefurthersubdivided.Thenaturalfibrescanbesubdividedintothethreetypesofcellulosic,proteinandmineralfibresaccordingtotheirorigins.Man-madefibresareusuallysubdividedintofourgroups:regenerated,modified,syntheticandmineralfibres,accordingtotheirpolymerorigins. 2Naturalfibres Fiberisthebasicunitoffabric.Thetextilefibersmanybedividedintotwomaj