词性变化和词性转换.doc

一、合成
有两个或两个以上的词合成的一个词。如：合成名词、合成形容词、合成副词等。
fire+man----fireman
good+looking-----good-looking
any+time----anytime

一、派生
1、前缀：加前缀通常改变词义
反义词：
un:healthy---unhealthyusual---unusual
happy---unhappy
dis:honest---dishonestappear---disappear
like---dislikecover---discover
im:possible---impossible
in:dependent----independent

一、派生
1、前缀：加前缀通常改变词义
反义词：
un:healthy---unhealthyusual---unusual
happy---unhappy
dis:honest---dishonestappear---disappear
like---dislikecover---discover
im:possible---impossible
in:dependent----independent
2、后缀：加后缀一般改变词性
（1）名词后缀：
-er:manage—manager,own---owner,record---recorder
report---reporter,teach---teacher,wait---waiter
win----winner,work---worker,write---writer
--or:visit---visitor,act---actor,invent---inventor
-ress:wait---waitress,act---actress
-(t)ion:invent—invention,pollute---pollution,
attract—attraction,suggest---suggestion
collect---collection,locate---location,
operate---operation,protect---protection
solve---solution,add---addition

2、后缀：加后缀一般改变词性
（1）名词后缀：
-ation:invite---invitation,organize---organization
-(s)ion:discuss---discussion,decide---decision
-ment:develop---development,amuse—amusement
advertise---advertisement
-ce:enter---entrance
-ing:meet---meeting,paint---painting,say---saying
begin---beginning,build---building

2、后缀：加后缀一般改变词性
（2）名词+ist;er变成表示人的名词
-ist:science--scientist,art—artist,tour—tourist
-er:farm---farmer,engine---engineer,law---lawyer
(3)形容词+ness,ty,ity,th,ce,dom变成名词
-ness:kind—kindness,ill—illness;
-ty:safe—safety,difficult—difficulty,honest—honesty
-ity:electric—electricity,national—nationality,
active—activity,able—ability
-th:true—truth,long—length
-ce:different—difference,important—importance
-dom:free—freedom,wise—wisdom,
(2)动词后缀：
名词+ize变成动词：-ize:memory---memorize
2.形容词+en变成动词：wide—widen
(3).形容词后缀：
1.名词+ed,ful,y,ly,ive,al,cal,en,(i)an变成形容词
-ed:age—aged,wound—wounded
ful:power—powerful,care—careful,use—useful
success—successful,wonder—wonderful
-y:wind—windy,rain—rainy,cloud—cloudy
snow—snowy,sun—sunny,luck—lucky