中南大学 生物化学 考研课件 ch1 introduction.ppt

BiochemistryChapter1IntroductionWhatisBiochemistry?1stparlance:“Metabolism+Evolution”第一种说法:“代谢+进化”

Metabolism代谢
Metabolismregulation代谢调控
Metabolisminformation代谢信息
Commonevolution共同进化2The2ndparlance第二种说法Cells
Biochemicalreactions
Organismsdependence生物体间的依赖性
Proteinsynthesis(Informationflow信息硫)
Commonevolution共同进化（论）WhatarethemaincontentsofBiochemistry?---AnoverviewofBiochemistry(1)WhatarethemaincontentsofBiochemistry?-----CellsAllorganismsarecomposedofcells所有的生物体是由细胞组成的ProkaryoteEukaryoteSummaryoforganellesandtheirfunctionCellsarecomposedofsmallmolecules,macromoleculesandorganelles细胞是由小分子、大分子和细胞器组成的Smallmolecules:
H2O(predominately,~70%)
Inorganicions
H+,Na+,K+,Mg2+,Ca2+,Cl-,OH-,etc.
Organicsubstance
Monosaccharides(单糖）,e.g.,glucose,galactose
Organicacids,e.g.,aminoacids,pyruvate，fattyacids
Vitamins
Hormones
AlkaloidsandinorganicionsMacromolecules大分子
Lipids脂质
Primarilyhydrocarbonstructures烃类结构
Mostlyfoundinvariousmembranes
Carbohydrates碳水化合物
Polysaccharides多糖
Proteins蛋白质
Polypeptides(aminoacids+peptidebonds)多肽
Nucleicacids(RNA,DNA)核酸
Polynucleotides多核苷酸Organelles细胞器
Nucleus细胞核
Mitochondria线粒体
Endoplasmicreticulum内质网
Golgiapparatus高尔基体
Lysosomes溶酶体
Peroxisomes过氧化物酶体
Chloroplasts叶绿体Comparingamongthecellularcomponents细胞成份间的比较WhatarethemaincontentsofBiochemistry?---AnoverviewofBiochemistry(2)Formasmallsubsetofordinarychemicalreactions
Occurundermildconditions
Normallyrequireenergy
Belocalizedinthecell
Beorganizedintopathways
BeregulatedToformasmallsubsetofordinarychemicalreactionsHO-:hydroxyl-羟基
HS-:Mercapto-巯基
NH2-:amino-氨基BiochemicalreactionsoccurundermildconditionsManybiochemicalreactionsrequireenergyFlowofenergy
in
thebiosphereBiochemicalreactionsarelocalizedinthecellBiochemicalreactionsareorganizedintopathways糖异生作用BiochemicalreactionsareregulatedWhatarethemaincontentsofBiochemistry?---AnoverviewofBiochemistry(3)Organismsarebiochemicallydependentononeanother
Typicalexample:FoodpyramidWhatarethemaincontentsofBiochemistry?---AnoverviewofBiochemistry(4)Informationforth