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第一章：国际法的概念与性质_541701633.ppt

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第一章：国际法的概念与性质第一节：国际法的名称与定义国际法的国际性国际法的普遍性国际法的法律性第二节：国际法与国际社会一、产生国际法的社会基础二、国际法的历史三、国际法与国际社会国际法与国际关系国际法与国际关系 TheLateJudgeofICJManfredLachs: Itshouldberecalledthatinthethirty-threecenturiesfrom1439B.C.toA.D.1861,therewerethirty-onecenturiesofwar:3,100yearsofwarandonly227yearsofpeace. Lawisnormativeandbinding,andfailuretoabidebylegalobligationsinviteslegalremediesandbringsotherlegalresponses;politicssuggestsfreedomofchoice,diplomacy,bargaining,accommodation.Infact,however,thedistinctionbetweenlawandpoliticsisonlyapart-truth.Inalarger,deepersense,lawispolitics.Lawismadebypoliticalactors(notbylawyers),throughpoliticalprocedures,forpoliticalends. Internationallawisthenormativeexpressionofapoliticalsystem.Toappreciatethecharacterofinternationallawanditsrelationtotheinternationalpoliticalsystem,itishelpfultoinvoke(thoughwithcaution)domesticlawasananalogue.Domesticlawisanexpressionofadomesticpoliticalsysteminadomesticsociety. Similarly,analogously,internationallawistheproductofitsparticular“society,”itspoliticalsystem.Internationallaw,too,isaconstructofnorms,standards,principles,institutionsandprocedures.Thepurposesofinternationallaw,likethoseofdomesticlaw,aretoestablishandmaintainorderandenhancereliableexpectation,toprotect“persons,”theirpropertyandotherinterests,tofurtherothervalues.Buttheconstituencyoftheinternationalsocietyisdifferent.The“persons”constitutinginternationalsocietyarenotindividualhumanbeingsbutpoliticalentities,“States,”andthesocietyisaninter-Statesystem,asystemofStates 第三节：国际法的特点与作用国际法的特点和作用国家为什么要遵守国际法为什么绝大部分国际法规则能够在国际关系的实践中得到有效的遵守为什么绝大部分国际法规则能够在国际关系的实践中得到有效的遵守第三节：国际法的特点与作用Whatisasoftpower?中共十七大报告第四节:国际法的效力根据问题第五节：国际法的范围 Onecanfindinitthebasicconceptsofanylegalsystem—propertyandtort,injuryandremedy,statusandcontract.Ithasitsownlaw-makingandlaw-applyingprocedures.Thereisinternationaleconomiclaw,andlawoforganizations.Thereislawgoverning‘publiclands’andcommonenvironments,asinouter-spaceandthedeepsea.The‘publiclaw’oftheinternationallegalsystemisnotyetvast