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1.中毒性:2.遗传性:3.脱髓鞘:4.感染性:5.代谢紊乱:6.血管性:7.肿瘤性:8.脑积水: 第一章:中毒性heroinvaporinhalationtoxicity(海洛因吸入中毒):病因与病理:不纯海洛因放在铝箔上加热,可能产生了某种神经毒性物质。使受累脑白质产生海绵状变性(spongiformdegeneration)。治疗:对症支持,辅酶Q及维生素可能有效。影像学:Involvementofthecerebellumandtheposteriorlimboftheinternalcapsule,withsparingoftheanteriorlimb,appearstobeacharacteristicfindinginthiscondition,helpingtodistinguishitfromothercausesofleukoencephalopathysuchastoluenetoxicityorreversibleposteriorleukoencephalopathy.第一例:参考文献:NeuroimagingFeaturesofHeroinInhalationToxicity:"ChasingtheDragon"(AJR2003;180:847-850) 第二例:参考文献同第一例。可以看出和第一例有类似的影像学特 静脉应用海洛因和cocaine(可卡因)中毒男性37岁病人,但是他几乎完全恢复了。参考文献:Toxicleukoencephalopathyafterintravenousconsumptionofheroinandcocainewithunexpectedclinicalrecovery(JNeurol(1999)246:850–851) 慢性甲苯(Toluene,ormethylbenzene)吸入中毒:甲苯是一种脂溶性芳香族碳氢化物,作为一种有机溶剂广泛运用于工业中,稀释剂、粘合剂、喷雾剂、涂漆等中都含有它。长期吸入甲苯后,经肺进入血液循环,通过亲脂的血脑屏障,从而对脑产生损害。影像特点:可先出现侧脑室旁的白质病变,再累及半卵园中心皮层下的白质,若接触时间更长(平均8.1年),可出现丘脑对称性T2低信号。(Thefocalpreservationofgraymatter-whitematterdifferentiationinthesubcorticalwhitematterinourpatientswithdiffusechangesindicatesthatwhitematterchangesstartintheperiventricularareaandthenextendintothesubcorticalwhitematter.),但丘脑对称性T2低信号机制尚不明:继发于脱髓鞘和轴突丢失的铁沉积是最可能的机制。(ThedepositionofironcausedbydemyelinationandaxonallossseemstobethemostprobablemechanismforthalamichypointensityonT2-weightedimagesintoluene-containingsolventabuse.)参考文献:CranialMRFindingsinChronicTolueneAbusebyInhalation(AmericanJournalofNeuroradiology23:1173-1179,August2002)接触甲苯3年:AandB,Bilateral,symmetrichyperintensityispresentintheparietalperiventricularwhitematter(arrowheads).Notethatgraymatter-whitematterdifferentiationispreserved.Thewidthsofthecerebralsulciarenormal.Asuggeststhatthehyperintensefindingsmaybecausedbyterminalmyelination,whichisanormalMRimagingfindinginchildren.However,Bshowsthatthelesionsextendtothebilateralcentrumsemiovale,indicatingthathyperintensefindingsweretruelesionsratherthanterminalmyelination.接触甲苯6年:A,Highsignalintensityisseeninthecentrumsemiovale(arrows