采矿废弃地的生态恢复与可持续景观设计.pdf

第24卷第2期生态学报Vol.24,No.2
2004年2月ACTAECOLOGICASINICAFeb.,2004

采矿废弃地的生态恢复与可持续景观设计

刘海龙
(北京大学景观设计学研究院,北京100871)

摘要:采矿废弃地是剧烈人为干扰下的一种特殊景观类型,其生态系统结构与功能退化严重,同时其使用功能和美学价值被破
坏。通过生态恢复和重建促使采矿废弃地的生态和经济价值再生,并通过景观设计赋予利用和美学的价值,对区域生态系统的
健康、地方经济可持续发展以及人民的生活水平具有十分重要的意义。通过分析采矿废弃地的景观生态特征和环境影响,对生
态恢复与重建的各种工程与生物措施以及可持续利用途径进行综述,并通过介绍和分析国内外一些案例,进而对采矿废弃地景
观设计的基本原则进行总结。
关键词:采矿废弃地;生态恢复;可持续利用;景观设计

Ecologicalrestorationandsustainablelandscapedesignofminingwastelands
LIUHai2Long(GraduateSchoolofLandscapeArchitecture,PekingUniversity100871,China).ActaEcologicaSinica,2004,24(2):323～
329.
Abstract:Miningwastelandsareuniquelandscapes,formedundertheseverenegativeinfluenceofhumandisturbance.The
highlyheterogeneouscharacteristicsandlowstabilityoftheselandscapesaltershydrologic,biological,andothernatural
processes.Thesealterationsleadtomanyenvironmentalproblems,suchaslandscapefragmentation,diffusionofpollution,
disruptionofwaterflow,habitatdegradationandbiodiversityreduction.Engineeringandbiologicallybasedmeasuresare
availabletoremedytheseproblems,includingtoxicityandpollutiontreatment,soilremediation,vegetationrestorationand
physicalrepair.Landscapearchitecturemethodscanaugmentsuchenvironmentalrestorationofminingwastelands,by
incorporatingconsiderationsofregionalecosystemhealth,localeconomicdevelopment,thelivingenvironmentoflocalpeople,
andaestheticvalues.Thisreviewfirstanalyzesthelandscapeecologicalcharacteristicsandenvironmentaleffectsofmining
wastelands,thensummarizesvariousmethodsofrestorationandreconstructionbasedonengineeringandbiologicalmeasures
andevaluatesdifferentresource2useapproaches.Afterintroducingsomecases,principlesforsustainablelandscapedesignof
miningwastelandsareproposed,includingecologicalsecurity,resourcereuse,naturalsuccession,alternativedesignand
humanity.
Keywords:miningwastelands;ecologicalrestoration;sustainableuse;landscapedesign
文章编号:100020933(2004)0220323207中图分类号:X171.4,X32文献标识码:A

人地矛盾是可持续发展的一个核心问题。土地资源的有限与人类的爆炸式增长会制约社会、经济和生态环境的可持续。退
化景观如矿山和废弃工业用地(Brownfield)浪费了大量土地资源,并带来