博弈论方法在日常生活中的运用 (2).doc

中文系09级对外汉语专业尹汝0940501114

中文系09级对外汉语专业尹汝0940501114

广东外语外贸大学

本科生毕业论文

姓名：xxx学号：xxxx

学院：广东外语外贸大学

专业：xxx

论文题目：博弈论方法在日常生活中的运用

2011年6月26日

摘要

博弈论主要研究公式化了的激励结构间的相互作用，是研究具有斗争或竞争性质现象的数学理论和方法，也是运筹学的一个重要学科。目前在生物学、经济学、国际关系、计算机科学、政治学、军事战略和其他很多学科都有广泛的应用。人们每天都面临着无数个选择，而博弈能运用具体的案例模型和相对应的决策方法，让人们在最短的时间内作出最有利于自己的选择。本文在简要介绍了博弈相关内容的基础上，重点结合博弈相关策略在生活中的应用。其中重点介绍优势策略理论以及分析解决日常生活中的实际问题。在此基础上，通过经典案例具体研究囚徒困境等模型以及如何运用相对应的策略决定最具优势的方法。

关键词：优势策略；囚徒困境；选择策略；实际运用

目录

引言········································································4

什么是博弈论···························································4
博弈的定义···························································4
博弈的历史···························································5
为什么我们需要博弈····················································5
博弈的要素·····························································5
如何运用优势策略到生活中·············································6
（一）分析经典案例——《麦吉的礼物》·····································6
（二）分析案例结果·························································7
（三）优势策略在日常生活中的运用·········································7
囚徒困境模型···························································8
（一）分析经典案例——《囚徒困境》········································8
（二）囚徒困境在学生违纪调查中的运用····································8
（三）小结··································································9
（四）在生活中采取针锋相对策略才能维持合作······························9
六、大学生活中的选择博弈·················································10
（一）大学生活中的经典案例分析——学习还是玩··························10
（二）纳什均衡在生活中的运用·············································11
（三）小结··································································11
七、结论···································································12

引言
随着博弈论的发展和博弈研究的不断深入，人们意识到这种理论和日常经济生活的联系越来越紧密。在这个利益纷争的时代，每个人都在为获得最大的利益而努力，在每个涉及到利益的领域，都需要我们运用博弈思维，提高自己对社会现象的洞察能力和决策能力，并将博弈的原理和规则运用到自己的人生实践中，在面对问题时作出理性的选择，减少失误，突破困境，取得事业和人生的成功。博弈论有着重要的指导意义。它可以揭示许多日常生活中所发生问题的内在规律和根源，帮助人们分析生活中出现的