(完整word版)定语从句归纳-(2)-推荐文档.doc

定语从句（theattributiveclause）
什么叫定语从句？
一个句子作定语就叫定语从句。
定语从句的结构及种类
结构：关系词+主语+谓语+其它
种类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
关系词的分类及关系词
关系代词：who，whom,whose,that,which,as
关系副词：when，where，why
关系词的功用
起连接作用，引导定语从句
在定语从句中作一个成分——主语，宾语，状语，定语，表语。
什么是先行词？
被定语从句所修饰的词是先行词。
关系词的用法
who
当先行词是指人得名词或代词，而且关系词在句中作主语时，选who。
TheboywhoisstandingoverthereisTom.
Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.
whom
当先行词是指人得名词，而且关系词在句中作主语时，选whom.
ThisisourEnglishteacherwhomeverybodylikes.
whose
=1\*GB3①当先行词是指人的名词，而且关系词在句中作定语时，选whose.
Thisismydeskmatewhosefatherworksinafactory.
=2\*GB3②当先行词是指物的名词，而且关系在句中作定语时，选whose.
Westudyinaclassroomwhosewindowsfacetothesouth.
that
=1\*GB3①当先行词是指物的名词，关系词在句中作主语时，选that.
Thisisamachinethatcanwalk.
=2\*GB3②当先行词是指物的名词，关系词在句中作宾语时，选that.另外，that可以省略。
Ilikethepresent(that)myfathersentme.
=3\*GB3③当先行词是指人的名词，关系词也可选用that=who
Theboythat/whoisplayingfootballontheplaygroundismybrother.
which
当先行词是指物的名词时，关系词也可选用which，它在句中作主语或宾语，which=that
下列情况下，关系词只能选用that
=1\*GB3①当先行词为不定代词something,anything,nothing,everything时
IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?
=2\*GB3②当先行词为不定代词all时
Mr.Lidoesallthathecantodohisworkwell.
=3\*GB3③当先行词被all,some,any修饰时
TheseareallthethingsthatIhavedonetoday.
=4\*GB3④当先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时
Thisistheonlycomputerthatheoftenturnstoforhelp.
=5\*GB3⑤当先行词被序数词，形容词最高级修饰时
Thisisthecleaningroomthatyoucanseehere.
=6\*GB3⑥time作先行词，前面有序数词或last修饰时
ThisisthelasttimethatI’llgiveyoupocketmoney.
=7\*GB3⑦尽管先行词指人，但关系词在句中作表语时。
Heisnolongerthechildthatheusedtobe20yearsago
=8\*GB3⑧以who开头的特殊疑问句，尽管先行词指人。
Whoisthepersonthatissittingontheground?
=9\*GB3⑨当先行词包括人和物时。
7.下列情况下，关系词只能选which
=1\*GB3①在非限制性定语从句中。
Thisismyfavoritepen,whichIboughtyesterday.
=2\*GB3②先行词不是一个词，而是前面整个句子的概念时
Theboyisverypolite,whichmakeshisparentshappy.
=3\*GB3③当先行词指物，用“介词+which”
ThisisthepenwithwhichIoftenwrite.
8.as
As引导定语从句时，有四种情况。As在句中作主语，宾语。
=1\*GB3①as单独引导定语从句。
Asweallknow(=Asisknowntousall),YaoMingisafamousbasketballplayer.
=2\*GB3②thesame…as…与…一样
Ihavethesameideaasyou.
=3\*GB3③such…a