(完整)高考英语定语从句和名词性从句讲解与综合训练.doc

高考英语定语从句和名词性从句讲解与综合训练
名词从句有四类：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。例如：
宾语从句：Idon’tknowwherehewillgo.
主语从句：Wherehewillgoisunknown.
表语从句：Theproblemishowwecangetsomuchmoney.
同位语从句：Weallfeelsorryaboutthenewsthathefailedinthegame.
下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的：
1．whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意，（即引导宾语从句时if和whether
可以互换）但以下几种名词从句要用whether（不用if）引导：
（1）引导主语从句，且在句首时。例：Whetherhehaswonthetennisisnotknown.(但
Itisnotknownwhether/ifhehaswonthetennis).
（2）引导表语从句时。例Theproblemiswhetherhecangetajob.
（3）引导同位语从句时。例：Ihavenoideawhetherhewillcome.
（4）介词后的whether从句。例：IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.
2．位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘。
例如：Thathegotthefirstplaceinthecompetitionsurprisedallofus.
3．在“Itissuggested/proposed/ordered/apity/nowonder/necessary/strange/…＋
that从句”结构中，that从句谓语有时用（should）do这样的虚拟语气形式。
例如：Itissuggestedthatwe(should)improvetherelationsbetweenus.
Itisapitythatone(should)stayinoneplaceallone?slife.
Itisstrangethatsheshouldhavefailedtoseeherownshortcomings（缺点）.
4．在“Thereasonwhy…isthat…”句式中that不要误为because.
例如：Thereasonwhyhedidn?tgotoschoolyesterdayisthathewasill.
5．名词从句中that,what用法比较：
引导名词从句的that是连词，在句中无成份，无意义，而what是连接代词，what＝the
thing(s)that.
例如：Itwastoldinyesterday?snewspaperthatwhatthestudentshaddonewaspraised
thethings(that)
无意义bythefactory.

Iknowthathewillstudy.
Iknowwhathewillstudy.
Thatheworkshardathislessonsisknowntousall.
Whatheworkshardatisknowntousall.
AllIaskisthatyoushouldtellthetruth./Heisnotwhat(＝thepersonthat)he
usedtobe.他和以前大不相同了。
6．where在名词从句中的使用特点：
where在名词从句中有时可以变为“theplacewhere”,有时可以变为“介词＋theplacewhere”形式。例如：
主从：Where(＝Theplacewhere)shehasgoneisstillunknown.
宾从：Wouldyoupleasetellmewhere(＝theplacewhere)MrSmithlives?
表从：Yourdictionaryremainswhere(＝in/attheplacewhere)youput.
同位从：Haveyouanyideawhere(＝oftheplacewhere)sheisspendingherholidays?
7．无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序。例如：
Iknowwherehelives./Pleasetellmewhathernameis.
当一个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序（即“主＋谓＋（宾）”或“主＋系＋表”结构），将其变为间接引语（即宾语从句）时，无需改变语序。例如：
What?sthematterwithhim?Sheaskedmewhatwasthematterwithhim.
Wholooksafteryourgrandfather?Heaskedmewholookedaftermygrandfather.

名词